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arXiv:2510.13296 · New Journal of Physics

Equivalence of genuine multipartite entanglement and nonlocality of nearly symmetric multiqubit pure states

Jakub Wójcik, Wojciech Bruzda, Ignacy Stachura, Remigiusz Augusiak

Published May 15, 2026• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Whether every pure genuinely multipartite entangled (GME) state necessarily exhibits genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMNL) remains an open question. By combining a recently proposed Bell inequality (Stachura et al 2024 New J. Phys. 26 093029) with Hardy’s paradox and the canonical decomposition of pure states, we analytically demonstrate that all highly symmetric, genuinely entangled multipartite qubit states exhibit GMNL, thereby supporting Gisin’s conjecture in the multipartite setting. This result constitutes a step toward a general proof of the conjectured equivalence between GME and GMNL in quantum theory.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ae6e96

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Abstract Whether every pure genuinely multipartite entangled (GME) state necessarily exhibits genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMNL) remains an open question. By combining a recently proposed Bell inequality (Stachura et al 2024 New J. Phys. 26 093029) with Hardy’s paradox and the canonical decomposition of pure states, we analytically demonstrate that all highly symmetric, genuinely entangled multipartite qubit states exhibit GMNL, thereby supporting Gisin’s conjecture in the multipartite setting. This result constitutes a step toward a general proof of the conjectured equivalence between GME and GMNL in quantum theory.
Abstract It remains an open question whether every pure multipartite state that is genuinely entangled is also genuinely nonlocal. Recently, a new general construction of Bell inequalities allowing the detection of genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMNL) in quantum states was proposed in Curchod et al (2019 New J. Phys. 21 023016) with the aim of addressing the above problem. Here we show how, in a simple manner, one can improve this construction to deliver finer Bell inequalities for detection of GMNL. Remarkably, we then prove one of the improved Bell inequalities to be powerful enough to detect GMNL in every three-qubit genuinely entangled state. We also generalize some of these inequalities to detect not only GMNL but also nonlocality depth in multipartite states and we present a possible way of generalizing them to the case of more outcomes.
Characterizing the relation between entanglement and Bell nonlocality is a long-standing open problem, notably challenging in the multipartite case. Here we investigate the effect of superactivation of genuine multipartite nonlocality. Specifically, we show that starting from multipartite states that feature only two-party entanglement (hence almost fully separable), it is possible to obtain GMNL in the many-copy regime. This represents the weakest possible resource for GMNL superactivation. On the technical side, we develop an efficient and practical criterion for certifying GMNL superactivation based on network entangled states, as well as a perfect parallel repetition result for the Khot-Vishnoi Bell game, which are of independent interest.
Experimental detection of multipartite Bell nonlocality faces many challenges. The increase in the size of the system demands a higher fidelity of state preparation, a higher detection efficiency, and a larger number of correlators that need to be estimated. These issues are even more pronounced if one wishes to detect a more restrictive variant of Bell nonlocality called genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMNL). In this work, we introduce two classes of multipartite Bell inequalities that are capable of detecting GMNL correlations and address different experimental hurdles in GMNL detection. The first class consists of the number of correlators that scales linearly with the number of parties. The second class increases the number of correlators and, in return, provides higher noise robustness of GMNL detection. Both classes of inequalities are constructed to detect GMNL in graph states, and in fact both can be used for self-testing of graph states and the performed measurements.
Genuine multipartite nonlocality constitutes the strongest form of nonlocality, which is a key resource for many quantum communication and computational tasks. Standard methods for certifying nonlocality often require accessing contradictions in paradoxes or violations of Bell inequalities for composite quantum systems. However, the existing approaches become infeasible and cannot be adopted straightforwardly for a quantum network scenario, which usually possesses complex topological structure and many independent quantum sources. We have developed a simple and customizable strategy to achieve scalable, efficient, and flexible characterizations for various typical quantum network scenarios. The subtle something-versus-nothing contradiction in Hardy-type paradoxes without inequality allows us to substantiate genuine multipartite nonlocality in general quantum networks. Examples range from chain-type network to star-type network, with source connections of any pure entangled permutation symmetric multiqubit states, entangled two-qubit states, etc. The tools extend significantly our ability to certify genuine multipartite nonlocality in state-of-the-art network situations, and make a prominent step forward toward deeper understanding and practical depiction of quantum networks.
Genuine multipartite Bell nonlocality (GMNL) aims at capturing correlations between many distant observers that are globally Bell nonlocal. A commonly used definition for GMNL is based on biseparable models constructed from non-signalling correlations. Here we uncover an effect of superactivation of GMNL in this framework. Specifically, by locally wiring together two copies of a biseparable correlation, i.e. not GMNL, one can obtain another correlation that is GMNL. We show that this is possible for any number of parties, and for quantum-realizable correlations. Finally, we show that superactivation of GMNL is also possible at the single-copy level, via a catalytic protocol involving only local wirings. These results question the operational meaning of this definition of GMNL.
Quantum entanglement and nonlocality are inextricably linked. However, while entanglement is necessary for nonlocality, it is not always sufficient in the standard Bell scenario. We derive sufficient conditions for entanglement to give rise to genuine multipartite nonlocality in networks. We find that any network where the parties are connected by bipartite pure entangled states is genuine multipartite nonlocal, independently of the amount of entanglement in the shared states and of the topology of the network. As an application of this result, we also show that all pure genuine multipartite entangled states are genuine multipartite nonlocal in the sense that measurements can be found on finitely many copies of any genuine multipartite entangled state to yield a genuine multipartite nonlocal behavior. Our results pave the way toward feasible manners of generating genuine multipartite nonlocality using any connected network.