This study proposes an HCQA for designing optimal Quantum Sensor Circuits (QSCs) to address complex quantum physics problems. The HCQA integrates computational intelligence techniques by leveraging a Deep Q-Network (DQN) for learning and policy optimization, enhanced by a quantum-based action selection mechanism based on the Q-values. A quantum circuit encodes the agent current state using Ry gates, and then creates a superposition of possible actions. Measurement of the circuit results in probabilistic action outcomes, allowing the agent to generate optimal QSCs by selecting sequences of gates that maximize the Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) while minimizing the number of gates. This computational intelligence-driven HCQA enables the automated generation of entangled quantum states, specifically the squeezed states, with high QFI sensitivity for quantum state estimation and control. Evaluation of the HCQA on a QSC that consists of two qubits and a sequence of Rx, Ry, and S gates demonstrates its efficiency in generating optimal QSCs with a QFI of 1. This work highlights the synergy between AI-driven learning and quantum computation, illustrating how intelligent agents can autonomously discover optimal quantum circuit designs for enhanced sensing and estimation tasks.
This study proposes an HCQA for designing optimal Quantum Sensor Circuits (QSCs) to address complex quantum physics problems. The HCQA integrates computational intelligence techniques by leveraging a Deep Q-Network (DQN) for learning and policy optimization, enhanced by a quantum-based action selection mechanism based on the Q-values. A quantum circuit encodes the agent current state using Ry gates, and then creates a superposition of possible actions. Measurement of the circuit results in probabilistic action outcomes, allowing the agent to generate optimal QSCs by selecting sequences of gates that maximize the Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) while minimizing the number of gates. This computational intelligence-driven HCQA enables the automated generation of entangled quantum states, specifically the squeezed states, with high QFI sensitivity for quantum state estimation and control. Evaluation of the HCQA on a QSC that consists of two qubits and a sequence of Rx, Ry, and S gates demonstrates its efficiency in generating optimal QSCs with a QFI of 1. This work highlights the synergy between AI-driven learning and quantum computation, illustrating how intelligent agents can autonomously discover optimal quantum circuit designs for enhanced sensing and estimation tasks.
This study proposes a GPA for designing optimal Quantum Sensor Circuits (QSCs) to address complex quantum physics problems. The GPA consists of two parts: the Quantum Policy Evaluation (QPE) and the Quantum Policy Improvement (QPI). The QPE performs phase estimation to generate the search space, while the QPI utilizes Grover search and amplitude amplification techniques to efficiently identify an optimal policy that generates optimal QSCs. The GPA generates QSCs by selecting sequences of gates that maximize the Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) while minimizing the number of gates. The QSCs generated by the GPA are capable of producing entangled quantum states, specifically the squeezed states. High QFI indicates increased sensitivity to parameter changes, making the circuit useful for quantum state estimation and control tasks. Evaluation of the GPA on a QSC that consists of two qubits and a sequence of R_x, R_y, and S gates demonstrates its efficiency in generating optimal QSCs with a QFI of 1. Compared to existing quantum agents, the GPA achieves higher QFI with fewer gates, demonstrating a more efficient and scalable approach to the design of QSCs. This work illustrates the potential computational power of quantum agents for solving quantum physics problems
This study proposes a QRA approach for designing optimal Quantum Sensor Circuits (QSCs) to address complex quantum physics problems. The QRA generates QSCs by selecting sequences of gates that maximize the Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) while minimizing the number of gates. The QSCs generated by the QRA are capable of producing entangled quantum states, specifically the squeezed states, by performing generalized Ramsey measurements on qubits. High QFI indicates increased sensitivity to parameter changes, making the circuit useful for quantum state estimation and control tasks. Evaluation of the QRA on a QSC that consists of two qubits and a sequence ofRx,RyandSgates demonstrates its efficiency in generating optimal QSCs with a QFI of 1. This work illustrates the potential computational power of quantum agents for solving quantum physics problems.
Abstract: This research explores the emerging paradigm of Quantum Intelligence (QI), which unifies artificial intelligence and quantum computing to enable next-generation cognitive systems. By leveraging quantum principles such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling, QI frameworks transcend classical AI limitations in learning efficiency, contextual awareness, and problem-solving complexity. The study implements a hybrid architecture integrating variational quantum circuits with reinforcement learning agents, tested across multi-goal environments. Experimental results reveal faster convergence, greater entropy reduction, and enhanced generalization compared to classical deep Q-networks. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of QI to replicate and surpass human-like cognition, offering scalable, efficient, and adaptable models for future autonomous reasoning systems. Keywords: Quantum intelligence, Artificial intelligence, Quantum computing, Hybrid AI systems, Reinforcement learning, Variational quantum circuits, Cognitive systems, Quantum-enhanced learning, Entropy optimization, Next-generation AI
As the number of qubits in a sensor increases, the complexity of designing and controlling the quantum circuits grows exponentially. Manually optimizing these circuits becomes infeasible. Optimizing entanglement distribution in large-scale quantum circuits is critical for enhancing the sensitivity and efficiency of quantum sensors (Yi, in Quantum Sci Technol, 045001, 2022, Thomas et al, in 2021). This paper presents an engineering integration of reinforcement learning with tensor-network-based simulation (MPS) for scalable circuit optimization for optimizing quantum sensor circuits with up to 60 qubits. To enable efficient simulation and scalability, we adopt tensor network methods—specifically, the Matrix Product State (MPS) representation—instead of traditional state vector or density matrix approaches. Our reinforcement learning agent learns to restructure circuits to maximize Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) and entanglement entropy while reducing gate counts and circuit depth. Experimental results show consistent improvements, with QFI values approaching 1, entanglement entropy in the 0.8–1.0 range, and up to 90% reduction in depth and gate count. These results highlight the potential of combining quantum machine learning and tensor networks to optimize complex quantum circuits under realistic constraints.
In the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing, optimizing quantum circuits for specific tasks is crucial for enhancing performance and efficiency. More recently, quantum sensing has become a distinct and rapidly growing branch of research within the area of quantum science and technology. The field is expected to provide new opportunities, especially regarding high sensitivity and precision. Entanglement is one of the key factors in achieving high sensitivity and measurement precision [3]. This paper presents a novel approach utilizing quantum machine learning techniques to optimize entanglement distribution in quantum sensor circuits. By leveraging reinforcement learning within a quantum environment, we aim to optimize the entanglement layout to maximize Quantum Fisher Information (QFI) and entanglement entropy, which are key indicators of a quantum system's sensitivity and coherence, while minimizing circuit depth and gate counts. Our implementation, based on Qiskit, integrates noise models and error mitigation strategies to simulate realistic quantum environments. The results demonstrate significant improvements in circuit performance and sensitivity, highlighting the potential of machine learning in quantum circuit optimization by measuring high QFI and entropy in the range of 0.84-1.0 with depth and gate count reduction by 20-86%.
This paper explores the application of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to the domain of quantum sensor circuit design. We focus on the design of four qubits quantum circuits that can efficiently generate states with optimal sensitivity, which maximizes the Quantum Fisher Information (QFI). We formulate the design task as a Markov Decision Process, implementing and comparing two distinct RL strategies: pure policy gradient and actor-critic agents to optimize a Ramsey sequence for maximum QFI. The results demonstrate that both agents are able to find quantum circuit designs with an optimal QFI value of 1. However, the agents differ in the gate sequence of the final Quantum sensor circuit configurations that indicate the optimal state. The policy gradient outperforms the actor-critic method in convergence time and the number of gate sequences for the encoding circuit.