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arXiv:2508.00634 · Quantum Information Processing

Swapped entanglement in high-dimensional quantum systems

S. M. Zangi, Chitra Shukla, Khalid Naseer, Saeed Haddadi

Published Jul 23, 2026• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11128-026-05289-9

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International Journal of Information Security Science•Sep 29, 2023•1 citation
We present a method for probabilistic quantum entanglement swapping between high-dimensional pure entangled systems by introducing only one auxiliary two-level particle. The probability of successful entanglement swapping is just the entanglement of the quantum channel. It can be used for practical long-distance quantum communication efficiently. We present a quantum secret sharing scheme based on quantum entanglement swapping with high-dimensional pure entangled systems. It has the advantage of having high intrinsic qubit efficiency and high capacity. Moreover, it greatly reduces the classical information exchanged for creating the private key.
Entanglement swapping is a fundamental building block for realizing first-generation quantum repeaters, which are essential for building global quantum networks. Current quantum repeater systems still struggle to achieve practical communication rates. High-dimensional (HD) encoding can significantly improve repeater efficiency by boosting information capacity and enhancing noise tolerance and security. However, the experimental demonstration of this protocol so far has been limited only to two-dimensional systems due to the requirement of strong nonlinear interactions. Here, we theoretically show that a modular linear-optics setup can implement HD entanglement swapping based on ancillary photons. For a four-dimensional scenario, we present an experimental design that employs hyper-entanglement in the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom. This setup resolves the most challenging part of the ancillary photons-based approach, namely the necessary preparation of the ancilla state and the analysis of the resulting swapped state.
While a single qubit information can be carried with a single photon in 2−dimensional quantum technology, it is possible to carry more than one qubit information with a single photon in high-dimensional quantum technologies. The amount of qubit to be transported depends on the size of the system obtained in the high dimension. In other words, the more high-dimensional quantum structure it creates, the more qubit-carrying system is obtained. In this study, a high dimensional quantum digital signature(QDS) scheme is proposed for multi-partied by using entanglement swapping and super-dense coding. QDS, which is proposed as highdimensional, allows more data and high-rate keys to be transferred. Security analysis of propesed QDS in high-dimensional show that the propablity of anyone obtaining information is much lower than in qubit states. Since all data(quantum and classic) in this protocol is instantly sent by using entanglement channels it is more resilient eavesdropping attacks. Today, developments in highdimensional experimental studies show that the high-dimensional QDS proposed in this study can be implemented practically.