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arXiv:2507.17361

Quasi-Contact Forces with Resonant Range Control in Rydberg Atoms

Mohammadsadegh Khazali

Published Jul 23, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We introduce a novel method to engineer sharply peaked, distance-selective interactions between neutral atoms by exploiting interaction-induced resonances within a resonantly driven Rydberg ladder system. By tuning laser parameters, a subsystem eigenstate twist rapidly and brought into degeneracy with the atomic ground state at precisely defined interatomic separations, resulting in an effective potential sharply localized around this resonance distance. Unlike previous off-resonant macrodimer-based schemes, our approach significantly enhances interaction sharpness and strength, reaching MHz scales, and provides straightforward experimental tunability without requiring sub-wavelength positional control. Analytic expressions, validated through comprehensive master-equation simulations, detail the interaction profile's amplitude, width, and resonant distance. This precise control facilitates parallel entangling gates crucial for measurement-based quantum computing and enables simulation of complex lattice Hamiltonians with customizable connectivity. Additionally, our scheme opens possibilities for novel studies in molecular physics through micrometer-scale bond-length diatomic molecules.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2507.17361

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We introduce a novel method to engineer sharply peaked, distance-selective interactions between neutral atoms by exploiting interaction-induced resonances within a resonantly driven Rydberg ladder system. By tuning laser parameters, a subsystem eigenstate twist rapidly and brought into degeneracy with the atomic ground state at precisely defined interatomic separations, resulting in an effective potential sharply localized around this resonance distance. Unlike previous off-resonant macrodimer-based schemes, our approach significantly enhances interaction sharpness and strength, reaching MHz scales, and provides straightforward experimental tunability without requiring sub-wavelength positional control. Analytic expressions, validated through comprehensive master-equation simulations, detail the interaction profile's amplitude, width, and resonant distance. This precise control facilitates parallel entangling gates crucial for measurement-based quantum computing and enables simulation of complex lattice Hamiltonians with customizable connectivity. Additionally, our scheme opens possibilities for novel studies in molecular physics through micrometer-scale bond-length diatomic molecules.
Abstract This article introduces a novel method to engineer sharply peaked, distance-selective interactions between neutral atoms by exploiting interaction-induced resonances within a resonantly driven Rydberg ladder system. By tuning laser parameters, a subsystem eigenstate twists rapidly and is brought into degeneracy with the atomic ground state at precisely defined interatomic separations, resulting in an effective fourth-order light-shift potential sharply peaked around this resonance distance. The linewidth of the resonant double excitation manifold defines the linewidth of the potential peak. Unlike previous off-resonant macrodimer-based schemes, our approach significantly enhances interaction strength, reaching MHz scales, and provides straightforward experimental tunability without requiring sub-wavelength positional control. Analytic expressions, validated through comprehensive master-equation simulations, detail the interaction profile's amplitude, width, and resonant distance and robustness to laser fluctuations. This precise control facilitates parallel entangling gates crucial for measurement-based quantum computing and enables simulation of complex lattice Hamiltonians with customizable connectivity.
Measurement-based quantum computing relies on the rapid creation of large-scale entanglement in a register of stable qubits. Atomic arrays are well suited to store quantum information, and entanglement can be created using highly-excited Rydberg states. Typically, isolating pairs during gate operation is difficult because Rydberg interactions feature long tails at large distances. Here, we engineer distance-selective interactions that are strongly peaked in distance through off-resonant laser coupling of molecular potentials between Rydberg atom pairs. Employing quantum gas microscopy, we verify the dressed interactions by observing correlated phase evolution using many-body Ramsey interferometry. We identify atom loss and coupling to continuum modes as a limitation of our present scheme and outline paths to mitigate these effects, paving the way towards the creation of large-scale entanglement.
The advent of digital neutral-atom quantum computers relies on the development of fast and robust protocols for high-fidelity quantum operations. In this work, we introduce a novel scheme for entangling gates using four atomic levels per atom: a ground-state qubit and two Rydberg states. A laser field couples the qubit to one of the two Rydberg states, while a microwave field drives transitions between the two Rydberg states, enabling a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different atoms. We show that controlled- Z gates can be realized in this scheme without requiring optical phase modulation and relying solely on a microwave field with time-dependent phase and amplitude. We demonstrate that such gates are faster and less sensitive to Rydberg decay than state-of-the-art Rydberg gates based on van der Waals interactions. Moreover, we systematically stabilize our protocol against interatomic distance fluctuations and analyze its performance in realistic setups with rubidium or cesium atoms. Our results open up new avenues to the use of microwave-driven dipolar interactions for quantum computation with neutral atoms.
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
Optical lattices serve as fundamental building blocks for atomic quantum technology. However, the scale and resolution of these lattices are diffraction-limited to the light wavelength. In conventional lattices, achieving tight confinement of single sites requires high laser intensity, which unfortunately leads to reduced coherence due to increased scattering. This article presents a novel approach for creating an atomic optical lattice with a sub-wavelength spatial structure. The potential is generated by leveraging the nonlinear optical response of three-level Rydberg-dressed atoms, which allows us to overcome the diffraction limit of the driving fields. The resulting lattice comprises a three-dimensional array of ultra-narrow Lorentzian wells over nanometer scales. These unprecedented scales can now be accessed through a hybrid scheme that combines the dipolar interaction and optical twist of atomic eigenstates. The interaction-induced two-body resonance that forms the trapping potential, only occurs at a peculiar laser intensity, localizing the trap sites to ultra-narrow regions over the standing-wave driving field. The feasibility study shows that single-atom confinement in Lorentzian sites with 3nm width, and 37MHz depth are realizable with available lasers. The development of these ultra-narrow trapping techniques holds great promise for applications such as Rydberg-Fermi gates, atomtronics, quantum walks, Hubbard models, and neutral-atom quantum simulation.
Laser cooling and trapping of atomic matter waves in optical potentials has enabled rapid progress in quantum science, particularly when combined with Rydberg excitation of the atoms to induce long-range interactions. Here, we propose the local manipulation and spatiotemporal sculpting of the electronic matter wave of a Rydberg atom by a laser field focused so that its beam width is smaller than the Rydberg electron orbit. We compute the electronic eigenstates in the presence of a sharply focused Gaussian laser beam, and find strong Rydberg state mixing leading to large kilo-Debye dipole moments. These can be modulated with high bandwidth controlled by the local tweezer intensity. Oscillations in the position-dependent level shifts, analogous to the potential wells allowing ultralong-range Rydberg molecules to form, provide opportunities for eccentric radial trapping of the Rydberg electron via ponderomotive forces acting on suborbital length scales.