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arXiv:2507.12421

A graphene platform for nano scale coherent interaction of surface plasmons with resonant atomic ensembles

Ali A. Kamli, Sergey A. Moiseev

Published Jul 16, 2025• 0 citations

Abstract

We propose a 2D graphene structure containing atomic ensemble as a platform for implementing nanoscale enhanced coherent interactions of plasmonic fields with resonant atomic systems. We determine the graphene surface plasmon modes, and the properties of its electromagnetic fields, and emphasize the role of graphene sheet separation on the interaction with atomic systems for various dipole orientations and positions between the graphene sheets. We analyze the conditions for implementation of coherent interaction of SP mode with resonant atomic ensembles. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations that govern the resonant interaction of surface plasmons with atoms, we derive the modified area theorem, which makes it possible to identify the most common nonlinear patterns in the behavior of plasmons under the studied conditions. We obtain analytical and numerical solutions of the area theorem, and find the possibility of stable propagation of isolated SP pulses of graphene surface plasmon modes at "fractional" pulse area values relative to $π$. We show that the coherent dynamics of SP fields can be realized in nanoscale design and we highlight the possibilities of using this scheme of coherent dynamics for implementing compact multimode nanoscale quantum memory and its integration with other quantum devices on the proposed platform.

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2507.12421

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We propose a 2D graphene structure containing atomic ensemble as a platform for implementing nanoscale enhanced coherent interactions of plasmonic fields with resonant atomic systems. We determine the graphene surface plasmon modes, and the properties of its electromagnetic fields, and emphasize the role of graphene sheet separation on the interaction with atomic systems for various dipole orientations and positions between the graphene sheets. We analyze the conditions for implementation of coherent interaction of SP mode with resonant atomic ensembles. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations that govern the resonant interaction of surface plasmons with atoms, we derive the modified area theorem, which makes it possible to identify the most common nonlinear patterns in the behavior of plasmons under the studied conditions. We obtain analytical and numerical solutions of the area theorem, and find the possibility of stable propagation of isolated SP pulses of graphene surface plasmon modes at "fractional" pulse area values relative to

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In this work, we present a nano-optical scheme of quantum memory for surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes in a nanoscale planar waveguide with a resonant atomic ensemble characterized by the periodic structure of the inhomogeneously broadened line. The theoretical study of the SPP modes is presented, where the regime of slow propagation and low-losses was found for these modes with fixed transverse spatial confinement, which provides a strong nondissipative interaction with resonant atoms. We describe the basic physical properties of the studied scheme and demonstrate a perspective area for the implementation of fast nanoscale quantum memory and processing with surface SPP modes.

Abstract In a four-level atomic configuration, we suggest a theoretical framework that is capable of obtaining sub-wavelength atomic localization by utilizing surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Via quantum interference mechanisms, we exhibit precise atomic positioning by utilizing the strong electromagnetic field confinement and enhanced near field interactions inherent to (SPPs). Our model employs specialized probe and control fields to generate spatially dependent absorption, thereby facilitating atomic localization with nanometer scale precision. We have identified sharply defined localization patterns that are regulated by phase modulation and detuning parameters through comprehensive numerical simulations. The conventional diffraction limit is effectively overcome by the coupling between (SPP) modes and atomic states, while quantum coherence is maintained. These findings provide practical implications for applications in plasmon enhanced spectroscopy, nanolithography, and atomic trapping, as they open new frontiers for quantum-scale manipulation. Additionally, we establish the optimal operational parameters that optimize spatial resolution and suppress decoherence in plasmonic nanostructures.

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A proposal on optical bistability at ultralow switching threshold and lower Fermi-level of graphene around 2 THz is implemented analytically through the proposed long-range surface plasmon resonance configuration by employing local field enhancement effects owing to the excitation of a graphene symmetric mode within graphene sheets. Reported threshold intensity for the optical bistability to date is 1.6 kW/cm2 within the terahertz region and 1.83 MW/cm2 at near-IR range. Whereas the proposed scheme explores the possibility of reducing this threshold down to 143.68 W/cm2, this technique proffers potential applications in nanoillumination, optical memory, and all-optical switching at an ultra-low threshold.