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arXiv:2507.02460 · Physical Review Letters

Enhancing Photon Indistinguishability of Spectrally Mismatched Single Photons by Cavity Floquet Engineering

Jiawang Yu, Xiaoqing Zhou, Zhi-Bo Ni, Xiao-Tian Cheng, Yi Zhao, Huihui Zhu, Chen‐Hui Li, Feng Liu, Chao‐Yuan Jin

Published Jan 7, 2026• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We theoretically propose a scheme to enhance the photon indistinguishability of spectrally mismatched single photons via Floquet-engineered optical frequency combs in cavity quantum electrodynamic systems. By periodically modulating two distinct single-photon states under a modulation frequency which is exactly equal to the spectral mismatch of two cavity modes, a pair of single-photon frequency-comb states is prepared energy-conservatively based on full unitary operations. The two states show high indistinguishability with an ideal g_{HOM}^{(2)}(0) down to zero due to the superposition of intensity-matched single-photon states coherently distributed across the teeth of the combs.

DOI
10.1103/ww5v-ct3q

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We theoretically propose a scheme to enhance the photon indistinguishability of spectrally mismatched single photons via Floquet-engineered optical frequency combs in cavity quantum electrodynamic systems. By periodically modulating two distinct single-photon states under a modulation frequency which is exactly equal to the spectral mismatch of two cavity modes, a pair of single-photon frequency-comb states is prepared energy-conservatively based on full unitary operations. The two states show high indistinguishability with an ideal g_{HOM}^{(2)}(0) down to zero due to the superposition of intensity-matched single-photon states coherently distributed across the teeth of the combs.
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It is a difficult engineering task to create distinct solid state single photon sources which nonetheless emit photons at the same frequency. It is also hard to create entangled photon pairs from quantum dots. In the spirit of quantum engineering we propose a simple optical circuit which can, in the right circumstances, make frequency distinguishable photons frequency indistinguishable. Our circuit can supply a downstream solution to both problems, opening up a large window of allowed frequency mismatches between physical mechanisms. The only components used are spectrum analysers or prisms and an acousto-optic modulator. We also note that an acousto-optic modulator can be used to obtain Hong-Ou-Mandel two photon interference effects from the frequency distinguishable photons generated by distinct sources.
We demonstrate the generation of multiphoton quantum states of light by cavity-enhanced parametric down-conversion in the high-repetition-rate pulsed regime. An external enhancement cavity resonant with the spectral comb of modes of a mode-locked pump laser provides a coherent buildup of the pump intensity and greatly enhances the parametric gain without sacrificing its high repetition rate and comb structure. We probe the parametric gain enhancement by the conditional generation and tomographic analysis of two-photon Fock states. Besides its potential impact for efficiently generating highly nonclassical or entangled multiphoton states in many existing experimental setups, this scheme opens exciting perspectives toward the combination of quantum and comb technologies for enhanced measurements and advanced quantum computation protocols.
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We explore theoretically the generation and all-optical control of optical frequency combs (OFCs) in photon transmission based on a combination of single-atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Here an external control field is used to form the cavity dark mode of the CQED system. When the strengths of the applied EIT control field are appropriately tuned, enhanced comb generation can be achieved. We discuss the properties of the dark mode and clearly show that the formation of the dark mode enables the efficient generation of OFCs. In our approach, the comb spacing is determined by the beating frequency between the driving pump and seed lasers. Our demonstrated theory may pave the way towards all-optical coherent control of OFCs using a CQED architecture.
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