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arXiv:2506.12096

Quantum Computing and Cybersecurity in Accounting and Finance: Current and Future Challenges and the Opportunities for Securing Accounting and Finance Systems in the Post-Quantum World

Huma Habib Shadan, Sardar M. N. Islam

Published Jun 12, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum computing is transforming the world profoundly, affecting businesses, organisations, technologies, and human beings' information systems, and will have a profound impact on accounting and finance, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. It presents both opportunities and risks in ensuring confidentiality and protecting financial data. The purpose of this article is to show the application of quantum technologies in accounting cybersecurity, utilising quantum algorithms and QKD to overcome the limitations of classical computing. The literature review reveals the vulnerabilities of the current accounting cybersecurity to quantum attacks and the need for quantum-resistant cryptographic mechanisms. It elaborates on the risks associated with conventional encryption in the context of quantum capabilities. This study contributes to the understanding of how quantum computing can transform accounting cybersecurity by enhancing quantum-resistant algorithms and using QKD in accounting. The study employs PSALSAR systematic review methodology to ensure rigour and depth. The analysis shows that quantum computing enhances encryption techniques to superior possibilities than classical ones. Using quantum technologies in accounting minimises data breaches and unauthorised access. The study concludes that quantum-resistant algorithms and quantum key distribution (QKD) are necessary for securing the accounting and finance systems of the future. Keywords Quantum Computing, Cybersecurity, Accounting, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Key Distribution, Operations Management

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2506.12096

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The rise of quantum computing presents a profound shift in the cybersecurity landscape, particularly for the banking and finance sectors, where the protection of sensitive data is paramount. Traditional encryption methods are increasingly at risk of being compromised by the computational power of quantum machines, demanding the adoption of quantum-resistant technologies. This discussion delves into quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic algorithms, exploring their potential to secure financial transactions, protect customer information, and reinforce the integrity of banking networks. The application of these technologies offers new avenues for safeguarding data against quantum attacks while also addressing the challenges associated with integrating quantum security into existing infrastructures. The exploration also highlights the risks posed by quantum computers to current cryptographic systems and provides guidance on how financial institutions can transition to quantum-secure frameworks. By embracing these innovations, the banking and finance sectors can build resilience against future cyber threats in an era of quantum computing.
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Quantum computing, a paradigm shift in computational science, leverages quantum mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement to solve problems beyond the capabilities of classical computers. This breakthrough technology has profound implications for cybersecurity. On one hand, quantum computing promises robust advancements in secure communication through innovations such as QKD and quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, ensuring data protection against emerging threats. On the other hand, it poses significant risks to conventional encryption systems like RSA and ECC, which underpin modern cybersecurity infrastructures, as quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm can efficiently break these systems. The development of quantum safe technologies is crucial to mitigate potential risks and harness the opportunities quantum computing offers for enhancing secure communication and protecting critical information. This paper explores these dual aspects, highlighting the need for preparedness in the evolving quantum era.