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arXiv:2506.10668 · The European Physical Journal Plus

Coherent states of finite-level systems

Alexander Igorevich Breev, Dmitry M. Gitman

Published Sep 25, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06870-4

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The interaction between a two-level atom and the finite two-dimensional oscillator in the Cartesian coordinate system is addressed. The construction of the coupling between the degenerate energy states of the finite oscillator and the two levels of the atom allows the identification of an excitation-conserved eigenbasis. A dynamical approach to the evolution of mean values of the fields mediated by the atom is shown in the interaction picture. As an example, the eigenenergies states and su(2)\mathfrak{su}(2)su(2) coherent states are studied. Perspectives and prospectives are given to settle a path in the study of atomic systems coupled to finite versions of the harmonic oscillator.
We use coherent states as trial states for a variational approach to study a system of a finite number of three-level atoms interacting in a dipolar approximation with a one-mode electromagnetic field. The atoms are treated as semidistinguishable using different cooperation numbers and representations of SU(3). We focus our analysis on the quantum phases of the system as well as the behavior of the most relevant observables near the phase transitions. The results are computed for all three possible configurations ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}, \mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, and VVV) of the three-level atoms.