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arXiv:2506.07531 · Physical Review A

Dissipation-assisted few-photon optical diode

Teng-Fei Xiao, Junlong Tian, Jie Peng

Published Feb 18, 2026• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We studied the coherent transport of one or two photons in a one-dimensional waveguide chirally coupled to a dissipative nonlinear cavity. The scattering amplitudes were derived analytically. With the assist of dissipation, we can realize an ideal optical diode at the single-photon level, i. e., the transmittance is unity from one side and zero form the other side. The working area and properties of the two-photon diode are also found. This work details the relation between the diode effect and our system parameters, especially dissipation, which may find it applications in nonreciprocal quantum devices and quantum networks.

DOI
10.1103/6pp2-cr94

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•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
We studied the coherent transport of one or two photons in a one-dimensional waveguide chirally coupled to a dissipative nonlinear cavity. The scattering amplitudes were derived analytically. With the assist of dissipation, we can realize an ideal optical diode at the single-photon level, i. e., the transmittance is unity from one side and zero form the other side. The working area and properties of the two-photon diode are also found. This work details the relation between the diode effect and our system parameters, especially dissipation, which may find it applications in nonreciprocal quantum devices and quantum networks.
We investigate single- and two-photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide chirally coupled to dissipative Rydberg atom pairs. Using the Laplace transform method, we analytically solve the single- and two-photon scattering problems. Our results show that, by leveraging dissipative effects and the chiral coupling structure, the system can act as a perfect single-photon diode, i.e. the transmittance is unity from one side and zero from the other. A two-photon diode is also realized. Interestingly, the transmitted probability density of the diode increases significantly when atomic dissipation is included. Notably, in the absence of dissipation, transmission is primarily due to correlated photons, whereas in the dissipative system, it is dominated by freely propagating photons. Furthermore, the Rydberg coupling between the atoms, which is experimentally tunable, can be used to modulate the diode effect. Finally, we find that reducing the width of the incident photon wavepacket further enhances the transmission probability density of the two-photon diode. The proposed scheme has potential for applications in quantum communication.
We study coherent few-photon transport in a dissipative nonlinear cavity coupled to a 1D waveguide, deriving analytical solutions that reveal how cavity dissipation regulates the few-photon diode effect. Key findings show that under Γ/𝜆 = 1 (Γ:waveguide-cavity coupling, 𝜆: dissipation) and 𝛿1 = 0Γ:(1) For single photons, left incidence yields perfect transmission while right incidence causes complete dissipation absorption, forming an efficient single-photon diode;(2) For two photons under single-photon resonance, left incidence allows unimpeded transmission whereas right incidence results in near-total dissipation (> 99%)leaving only a faint bound state, maintaining strong diode characteristics despite minimal transmission. The condition Γ/𝜆 = 1 optimizes directional suppression via cavity dissipation, providing a theoretical foundation for quantum diode devices in integrated quantum optics and information processing.
We study the coherent transport of one or two photons in a one-dimensional waveguide chirally coupled to a nonlinear resonator. Analytic solutions of the one-photon and two-photon scattering is derived. Although the resonator acts as a non-reciprocal phase shifter, light transmission is reciprocal at one-photon level. However, the forward and reverse transmitted probabilities for two photons incident from either the left side or the right side of the nonlinear resonator are nonreciprocal due to the energy redistribution of the two-photon bound state. Hence, the nonlinear resonator acts as an optical diode at two-photon level.
The semiconductor diode, which acts as an electrical rectifier and allows unidirectional electronic transports, is the key to information processing in integrated circuits. Analogously, an optical rectifier (or diode) working at specific target wavelengths has recently become a highly sought-after device in optical communication and signal processing. In this paper, we propose a scheme to realize an optical diode for photonic transport at the level of few photons. The system consists of two spatially overlapping single-mode semiconductor microcavities coupled via ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinearities. The photon blockade is predicted to take place in this system. These photon blockade effects can be achieved by tuning the frequency of the input laser field (driving field). Based on those blockades, we analytically derive the one- and two-photon current in terms of a zero and a finite time-delayed two-order correlation function. The results suggest that the system can serve as a one- and two-photon quantum optical diode which allows transmission of photons in one direction much more efficiently than in the other.
We propose a scheme of realizing an optical diode at the few-photon level. The system consists of a one-dimensional waveguide coupled asymmetrically to a two-level system. The two or multiphoton transport in this system is strongly correlated. We derive exactly the single and two-photon current and show that the two-photon current is asymmetric for the asymmetric coupling. Thus the system serves as an optical diode which allows transmission of photons in one direction much more efficiently than the opposite.
Realising a platform for efficiently guiding and manipulating light at the singlephoton level lies at the heart of optical quantum information processing. In this thesis we aid in the pursuit of this goal by analysing few-photon transport properties in photonic devices while keeping in mind possible applications and experimental challenges. We especially focus on single and two-photon transport properties in one-dimensional waveguides coupled to (artificial) atoms modelled as two and three-level emitters. We begin by introducing key concepts relevant for this thesis and then explain how to model such waveguide geometries. We show how directional-dependent coupling between a waveguide and a localized quantum system can be modelled from a chain of harmonic oscillators by allowing the system to couple to more than one site. Using the input-output formalism and scattering matrix theory we determine a general form for the single and two-photon S-matrices for a waveguide coupled to a two-level system. We also explain how to engineer a quantum optical Fanoresonance waveguide geometry and calculate how this modifies the S-matrices, the few-photon scattering probabilities, and the scattered output spectra. We show that the nonlinear effects in such a system generates highly correlated directional scattering probabilities. We device a protocol that can generate maximal entanglement between two spectrally distinct solid-state emitters by the use of multi-photon scattering. The results also reveal a rich structure for multi-photon states interacting with non-identical emitters. As a final investigation, we quantify how spectral diffusion in quantum dots affects finite-width single and two-photon scattering. Single-photon scattering probabilities are described by a simple convolution but this is not the case for a two-photon state scattering off a two-level emitter. We show that the effect of spectral wandering depletes the nonlinear scattering properties, but that it affects co and counter-propagating output probabilities differently.