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arXiv:2504.20730

Avoided crossings, degeneracies and Berry phases in the spectrum of quantum noise of driven-dissipative bosonic systems

Giuseppe Patera, Alessandro Pugliese

Published Apr 29, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Avoided crossings are fundamental phenomena in quantum mechanics and photonics that originate from the interaction between coupled energy levels and have been extensively studied in linear dispersive dynamics. Their manifestation in open, driven-dissipative systems, however, where nonlinear dynamics of quantum fluctuations come into play, remains largely unexplored. In this work, we analyze the hitherto unexplored occurrence of avoided and genuine crossings in the spectrum of quantum noise. We demonstrate that avoided crossings arise naturally when a single parameter is varied, leading to hypersensitivity of the associated singular vectors and suggesting the presence of genuine crossings (diabolical points) in nearby systems. We show that these spectral features can be deliberately designed, highlighting the possibility of programming the quantum noise response of photonic systems. As a notable example, such control can be exploited to generate broad, flat-band squeezing spectra - a desirable feature for enhancing degaussification protocols. Our analysis is based on a detailed study of the Analytic Bloch-Messiah Decomposition (ABMD), which we use to characterize the parameter-dependent behavior of singular values and their corresponding vectors. This study provides new insights into the structure of multimode quantum correlations and offers a theoretical framework for the experimental exploitation of complex quantum optical systems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2504.20730

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Avoided crossings are fundamental phenomena in quantum mechanics and photonics that originate from the interaction between coupled energy levels and have been extensively studied in linear dispersive dynamics. Their manifestation in open, driven-dissipative systems, however, where nonlinear dynamics of quantum fluctuations come into play, remains largely unexplored. In this work, we analyze the hitherto unexplored occurrence of avoided and genuine crossings in the spectrum of quantum noise. We demonstrate that avoided crossings arise naturally when a single parameter is varied, leading to hypersensitivity of the associated singular vectors and suggesting the presence of genuine crossings (diabolical points) in nearby systems. We show that these spectral features can be deliberately designed, highlighting the possibility of programming the quantum noise response of photonic systems. As a notable example, such control can be exploited to generate broad, flat-band squeezing spectra - a desirable feature for enhancing degaussification protocols. Our analysis is based on a detailed study of the Analytic Bloch-Messiah Decomposition (ABMD), which we use to characterize the parameter-dependent behavior of singular values and their corresponding vectors. This study provides new insights into the structure of multimode quantum correlations and offers a theoretical framework for the experimental exploitation of complex quantum optical systems.
The existence and degeneracies of quantum exceptional, diabolical, and hybrid (i.e., diabolically degenerated exceptional) singularities of simple bosonic systems composed of up to five modes with damping and/or amplification are analyzed. Their dynamics governed by quadratic non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is followed using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. Their dynamical matrices generally exhibit specific structures that allow for an effective reduction of their dimension by half. This facilitates analytical treatment and enables efficient spectral analysis based on characteristic second-order diabolical degeneracies. Conditions for the observation of inherited quantum hybrid points, observed directly in the dynamics of field operators, having up to third-order exceptional and second-order diabolical degeneracies are revealed. Surprisingly, exceptional degeneracies of only second and third orders are revealed, even though the systems with up to five modes are considered. Exceptional and diabolical genuine points and their degeneracies observed in the dynamics of second-order field-operator moments are also analyzed. Each analyzed bosonic system exhibits its own unique and complex dynamical behavior.
The existence and degeneracies of quantum exceptional, diabolical, and hybrid (i.e., diabolically degenerated exceptional) singularities of simple bosonic systems composed of up to five modes with damping and/or amplification are analyzed. Their dynamics governed by quadratic non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is followed using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. Their dynamical matrices generally exhibit specific structures that allow for an effective reduction of their dimension by half. This facilitates analytical treatment and enables efficient spectral analysis based on characteristic second-order diabolical degeneracies. Conditions for the observation of inherited quantum hybrid points, observed directly in the dynamics of field operators, having up to third-order exceptional and second-order diabolical degeneracies are revealed. Surprisingly, exceptional degeneracies of only second and third orders are revealed, even though the systems with up to five modes are considered. Exceptional and diabolical genuine points and their degeneracies observed in the dynamics of second-order field-operator moments are also analyzed. Each analyzed bosonic system exhibits its own unique and complex dynamical behavior.
Avoided crossings in the correlated many-body spectrum play a central role in determining the conditions for adiabatic state preparation in interacting quantum systems. We investigate this connection in finite spin-boson systems by combining exact diagonalization of the many-body spectrum with time-dependent simulations of adiabatic switching protocols. By comparing the adiabatically prepared state with the exact ground state, we determine the switching times required for reliable preparation as a function of the spin-boson coupling strength and bosonic mode structure. We show that regions of small many-body level spacings, associated with avoided crossings, impose the strongest constraints on adiabatic preparation and explain the observed dependence of the required switching times on the interaction strength. Furthermore, while the ground-state energy follows the overall spectral trends, local observables such as Pauli matrix expectation values exhibit additional non-monotonic behavior arising from coherent oscillations in finite systems. These findings can provide concrete benchmarks for both the theoretical treatment of open quantum systems and practical implementations in quantum simulation and qubit control.
Quantum noise in a model of singly resonant frequency doubling including phase mismatch and driving in the harmonic mode is analyzed. The general formulae about the fixed points and their stability as well as the squeezing spectra calculated linearizing around such points are given. The use of a nonlinear normalization allows to disentangle in the spectra the dynamic response of the system from the contributions of the various noisy inputs. A general ``reference'' model for one-mode systems is developed in which the dynamic aspects of the problem are not contaminated by static contributions from the noisy inputs. The physical insight gained permits the elaboration of general criteria to optimize the noise suppression performance. With respect to the squeezing in the fundamental mode the optimum working point is located near the first turning point of the dispersive bistability induced by cascading of the second order nonlinear response. The nonlinearities induced by conventional crystals appear enough to reach it being the squeezing ultimately limited by the escape efficiency of the cavity. In the case of the harmonic mode both, finite phase mismatch and/or harmonic mode driving allow for an optimum dynamic response of the system something not possible in the standard phase matched Second Harmonic Generation. The squeezing is then limited by the losses in the harmonic mode, allowing for very high degrees of squeezing because of the non-resonant nature of the mode. This opens the possibility of very high performances using artificial materials with resonantly enhanced nonlinearities. It is also shown how it is possible to substantially increase the noise reduction and at the same time to more than double the output power for parameters corresponding to reported experiments.
We investigate the reduced dynamics of a qubit subject to correlated longitudinal and transverse noise arising from its coupling to a shared bosonic bath. The environmental fluctuations are characterized by a positive-semidefinite matrix-valued spectral density, whose complex off-diagonal elements encode correlations between dephasing and relaxation channels in the frequency domain. Within the second-order time-convolutionless framework, we derive closed time-local equations for the Bloch-vector components of the reduced density matrix. The numerical implementation is validated against the exact pure-dephasing solution and the established behavior of the transverse-coupling spin-boson model. When both noise channels are present, the cross-spectral terms couple the otherwise distinct dephasing and relaxation sectors, producing dynamics that cannot be reproduced by adding independent noise contributions. In particular, the correlations generate non-monotonic population relaxation and a transient revival of coherence following its initial decay. The strength, bandwidth, delay, and phase of the cross spectrum provide control parameters for the magnitude and temporal structure of these effects. Our results demonstrate that correlated multi-axis noise can redistribute coherence loss and energy relaxation in time, thereby providing finite temporal windows of enhanced coherence or suppressed relaxation within the weak-coupling regime.
Multimode quantum light is enticing for several applications, spanning imaging, spectroscopy, communication, and more. Parametric nonlinear processes have been vital in realizing squeezed and other quantum states of light. However, most work exploiting these processes has focused on generating multimode squeezed vacua and squeezing in mode superpositions (supermodes). Bright squeezing in multiple discrete frequency modes, if realized, could unlock novel applications in quantum-enhanced spectroscopy and optical quantum computing. Here, we show how dissipation engineering of a multimode nonlinear cavity with cascaded three-wave-mixing processes allows us to shape above-threshold frequency combs that feature strong single-mode output amplitude noise squeezing over 10 dB below the shot-noise limit, tunable across the comb. In addition, we demonstrate squeezing for multiple discrete frequency modes above threshold. This bright squeezing arises from enhancement of the (noiseless) nonlinear rate relative to decay rates in the system due to the cascaded generation of photons in a single idler “bath” mode. A natural consequence of the strong nonlinear coupling in our system is the creation of an effective cavity in the synthetic frequency dimension that sustains Bloch oscillations in the modal energy distribution. Bloch mode engineering could provide an opportunity to better control nonlinear energy flow in the synthetic frequency dimension, with exciting applications in quantum random walks and topological photonics. Lastly, we show evidence of long-range correlations in amplitude noise between discrete frequency modes, enabling long-range entanglement in a synthetic frequency dimension and providing a new resource for quantum communication. Published by the American Physical Society 2024