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Randomness in quantum random number generator from vacuum fluctuations with source-device-independence

Megha Shrivastava, Mohit Mittal, Isha Kumari +1 more

arXiv:2409.04186Applied Physics BMay 7, 20252 citations

Real-Time 50-Gbit/s Spatially Multiplexed Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Vacuum Fluctuation

Ken Tanizawa, Kentaro Kato, Fumio Futami

Unpredictable random number (RN) generation is an essential technology for cryptographic applications. Quantum RN generators (QRNGs) have attracted significant attention owing to their generation of RNs utilizing the randomness guaranteed by quantum mechanics. Vacuum fluctuations are a promising entropy source of quantum randomness. These are detected using a homodyne setup with a laser source and a beam splitter. QRNGs based on vacuum fluctuations can generate RNs at a high-speed and in a stable manner. This paper reports a high-speed spatially multiplexed QRNG based on vacuum fluctuations using a single semiconductor laser diode and an integrated optical beam splitter. The QRNG obtained four independent vacuum fluctuations across a wide bandwidth of over 2 GHz. The RNs were extracted in parallel using a field-programmable gate array with analog-to-digital converters. An aggregated real-time RN generation rate of 4×12.5 Gbit/s was achieved. The generated RNs passed a randomness test based on NIST SP800-90B.Unpredictable random number (RN) generation is an essential technology for cryptographic applications. Quantum RN generators (QRNGs) have attracted significant attention owing to their generation of RNs utilizing the randomness guaranteed by quantum mechanics. Vacuum fluctuations are a promising entropy source of quantum randomness. These are detected using a homodyne setup with a laser source and a beam splitter. QRNGs based on vacuum fluctuations can generate RNs at a high-speed and in a stable manner. This paper reports a high-speed spatially multiplexed QRNG based on vacuum fluctuations using a single semiconductor laser diode and an integrated optical beam splitter. The QRNG obtained four independent vacuum fluctuations across a wide bandwidth of over 2 GHz. The RNs were extracted in parallel using a field-programmable gate array with analog-to-digital converters. An aggregated real-time RN generation rate of 4×12.5 Gbit/s was achieved. The generated RNs passed a randomness test based on NIST SP800-90B.

Journal of Lightwave TechnologyJan 12, 202415 citations

Vacuum-based quantum random number generator using multi-mode coherent states

E.O. Samsonov, B. E. Pervushin, A. E. Ivanova +4 more

arXiv:2004.06552Quantum Information ProcessingAug 31, 20207 citations

Genuine randomness from an incoherent source

Bing Qi

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the intrinsic randomness in measurement processes: the measurement outputs are truly random given the input state is a superposition of the eigenstates of the measurement operators. We show in the case of trusted devices, genuine randomness could be generated even when the input to the detector is a mixed state. We propose a random number generation scheme based on measuring the quadrature fluctuations of a single mode thermal state with an optical homodyne detector. By interfering a broadband incoherent source with a single mode local oscillator at a beam splitter and performing differential photodetection, we can selectively detect the quadrature fluctuations of a single mode of the incoherent source, thanks to the filtering function introduced by the local oscillator. Experimentally, a quadrature variance about three orders of magnitude larger than the vacuum noise is observed from an amplified spontaneous emission source, suggesting this scheme can tolerate much high technical noises in comparison with QRNGs based on measuring the vacuum noise. The high quality of this entropy source is evidenced by the small correlation coefficients of the acquired data.Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the intrinsic randomness in measurement processes: the measurement outputs are truly random given the input state is a superposition of the eigenstates of the measurement operators. We show in the case of trusted devices, genuine randomness could be generated even when the input to the detector is a mixed state. We propose a random number generation scheme based on measuring the quadrature fluctuations of a single mode thermal state with an optical homodyne detector. By interfering a broadband incoherent source with a single mode local oscillator at a beam splitter and performing differential photodetection, we can selectively detect the quadrature fluctuations of a single mode of the incoherent source, thanks to the filtering function introduced by the local oscillator. Experimentally, a quadrature variance about three orders of magnitude larger than the vacuum noise is observed from an amplified spontaneous emission source, suggesting this scheme can tolerate much high technical noises in comparison with QRNGs based on measuring the vacuum noise. The high quality of this entropy source is evidenced by the small correlation coefficients of the acquired data.

Nov 1, 20160 citations

Real-time 50-Gbit/s Spatially Multiplexed Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Vacuum Fluctuation

Ken Tanizawa, Kentaro Kato, Fumio Futami

We demonstrate four-channel parallel high-speed random number generation using a quantum entropy source based on vacuum fluctuations and a real-time FPGA random number extractor. A record-high aggregated generation rate of 50 Gb/s is achieved.

Optical Fiber Communication ConferenceMar 1, 20232 citations

A high-speed secure quantum random number generator based on vacuum states

Gabriel Gabriel, Wittmann, Mauerer +4 more

Conference on Lasers and Electro-OpticsJan 1, 20120 citations

Highly integrated broadband entropy source for quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations

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