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arXiv:2504.08273

Inhomogeneous entanglement structure in monoaxial chiral ferromagnetic quantum spin chain

Kentaro Nishimura, Ryosuke Yoshii

Published Apr 11, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Chiral magnets, characterized by inhomogeneous magnetic moment arrangements, have attracted significant attention recently due to their topological orders, such as magnetic skyrmion lattices and chiral soliton lattices. In this work, we investigate the entanglement entropy of \textit{quantum} chiral magnets and demonstrate that it reflects the inhomogeneous nature of the ground state. We perform numerical simulations of a one-dimensional monoaxial chiral ferromagnetic chain with Zeeman term using the density matrix renormalization group method. Our results show that the entanglement entropy exhibits oscillatory behavior, which can be tuned by varying the external magnetic field. Analysis of the local magnetization and spin chirality further confirms that these oscillations correspond to solitonic structures. Moreover, our findings suggest that the entanglement entropy can serve as a probe for detecting the vacuum structure, providing new insights into quantum correlations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2504.08273

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Chiral magnets, characterized by inhomogeneous magnetic moment arrangements, have attracted significant attention recently due to their topological orders, such as magnetic skyrmion lattices and chiral soliton lattices. In this work, we investigate the entanglement entropy of \textit{quantum} chiral magnets and demonstrate that it reflects the inhomogeneous nature of the ground state. We perform numerical simulations of a one-dimensional monoaxial chiral ferromagnetic chain with Zeeman term using the density matrix renormalization group method. Our results show that the entanglement entropy exhibits oscillatory behavior, which can be tuned by varying the external magnetic field. Analysis of the local magnetization and spin chirality further confirms that these oscillations correspond to solitonic structures. Moreover, our findings suggest that the entanglement entropy can serve as a probe for detecting the vacuum structure, providing new insights into quantum correlations.
The chiral central charge c−c_-c−​ is a key topological invariant of the edge characterizing the bulk two-dimensional chiral topological order, but its direct evaluation in microscopic spin models has long been a challenge, especially for non-abelian topological order. Building on the recently developed modular commutator formalism, we numerically obtain c−c_-c−​ directly from single ground-state wave functions of two-dimensional interacting spin models that have chiral topological order. This provides a geometry-independent and bulk diagnostic of chirality. We study two nonintegrable systems -- the Zeeman-Kitaev honeycomb model and the kagome antiferromagnet -- both subjected to scalar spin chirality perturbations. We find that the modular commutator yields results consistent with the expected topological quantum field theories. We also compute the topological entanglement entropy which provides an independent diagnostic of the topological orders. Our work establishes modular commutators as a powerful numerical probe of chiral topological order in strongly correlated quantum magnets.
"Topological ordered" phases such as gapped quantum spin-liquids and fractional quantum Hall states possess ground state degeneracy on a torus. We show that the topological nature of this degeneracy has interesting consequences for the entanglement structure of the degenerate ground states. This leads to a simple method for detecting topological order, which is ready-made for numerical schemes such as density matrix renormalization group. The method is valid for phases that do or do not possess edge states alike. We demonstrate it by calculating the entanglement spectrum and the topological entanglement entropy for a chiral spin-liquid state on a 18 site system.
Ferrimagnets are antiparallel-ordered magnetic states in a bipartite lattice with two alternating unequal spins, which exhibit both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties. Several theoretical studies have explored the magnetic properties of ferrimagnets, but the entanglement entropy of ferrimagnets with arbitrary spin combinations has not been studied. In this study, we analytically derive the intersublattice entanglement entropy of a ferrimagnetic spin chain using the method that has been applied to the antiferromagnetic case. The analytical results are numerically verified using the density-matrix renormalization group. Going beyond the results for antiferromagnets, the entanglement entropy of ferrimagnets for fixed anisotropy is shown to solely depend on the difference of spins relative to its geometric average, and the quantity is shown to be stable against small-parameter variations.
We study the topological entanglement entropy and scalar chirality of a topologically ordered skyrmion formed in a two-dimensional triangular lattice. Scalar chirality remains a smooth function of the magnetic field in both helical and quantum skyrmion phases. In contrast, topological entanglement entropy remains almost constant in the quantum skyrmion phase, whereas it experiences enhanced fluctuations in the helical phase. Therefore, topological entanglement entropy is an effective tool to distinguish between the two phases and pinpoint the quantum phase transition in the system.
Characterizing entanglement in quantum materials through experimentally accessible observables remains a central challenge. Quantum Fisher information associated with sums of one-site spin operators provides one route by linking entanglement to measurable magnetic response functions. Extending this approach to local composite observables requires new entanglement bounds. Here we establish a rigorous bound for the total nearest-neighbour vector chirality of periodic spin-1/21/21/2 chains with an even number of sites. The quantum Fisher information per spin cannot exceed k+1k+1k+1 for any kkk-producible state, so exceeding this bound certifies entanglement depth of at least k+1k+1k+1. Combining infinite density-matrix renormalization group and thermal pure quantum-state calculations, we demonstrate multipartite entanglement encoded in vector-chiral correlations at zero and finite temperatures in an extended J1J_1J1​-J2J_2J2​ XXZ chain. The spin-current coupling between vector chirality and electric polarization offers, in principle, access to this witness through dielectric loss spectroscopy in multiferroic magnets, extending entanglement diagnostics beyond dipolar spin correlations.
Abstract We develop a general framework to compute the scaling of entanglement entropy in inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems belonging to the Luttinger liquid universality class. While much insight has been gained in homogeneous systems by making use of conformal field theory techniques, our focus is on systems for which the Luttinger parameter K depends on position, and conformal invariance is broken. An important point of our analysis is that contributions stemming from the UV cutoff have to be treated very carefully, since they now depend on position. We show that such terms can be removed either by considering regularized entropies specifically designed to do so, or by tabulating numerically the cutoff, and reconstructing its contribution to the entropy through the local density approximation. We check our method numerically in the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain in a spatially varying magnetic field, and find excellent agreement.