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arXiv:2503.18154 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Emergent supercounterfluid and quantum phase diagram of two-component interacting bosons in a one-dimensional optical lattice

Saisai He, Yang Liu, Bin Xi, Hong‐Gang Luo, Qiang Luo, Jize Zhao

Published Jun 3, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Motivated by a recent experiment that realizes nearest-neighbor dipolar couplings in an optical lattice [C. Lagoin et al., Nature (London) 609, 485 (2022)], we study a one-dimensional version of the two-component extended Bose-Hubbard model via the density-matrix renormalization group method. By using the nearest-neighbor and on-site interaction parameters from the experiment, we start by mapping the quantum phase diagram in the hopping parameter ${t}_{A}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}_{B}$ plane with boson densities ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}=1/2$. In addition to the density-wave phase reported in the experiment, we find several regimes of superfluidity when one or both hopping parameters are large enough, and interestingly there is a supercounterfluid phase at moderate and comparable hopping parameters. The universality classes of these phase transitions are analyzed from the correlation functions, excitation gaps, and entanglement entropy. In particular, a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type is recognized for several gapped-to-gapless transitions. In addition, we also study the quantum phase transitions by varying ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}$ from 0 to 1 while keeping ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A}=1/2$. We identify a supersolid phase in a wide range of $1/2<{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}<1$. Our work paves the way for realizing exotic many-body phases in cold-atom experiments upon proper tuning of experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.111.235110

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Motivated by a recent experiment that realizes nearest-neighbor dipolar couplings in an optical lattice [C. Lagoin et al., Nature (London) 609, 485 (2022)], we study a one-dimensional version of the two-component extended Bose-Hubbard model via the density-matrix renormalization group method. By using the nearest-neighbor and on-site interaction parameters from the experiment, we start by mapping the quantum phase diagram in the hopping parameter tA\ensuremath-tB{t}_{A}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}_{B}tA​\ensuremath-tB​ plane with boson densities \ensuremathρA=\ensuremathρB=1/2{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}=1/2\ensuremathρA​=\ensuremathρB​=1/2. In addition to the density-wave phase reported in the experiment, we find several regimes of superfluidity when one or both hopping parameters are large enough, and interestingly there is a supercounterfluid phase at moderate and comparable hopping parameters. The universality classes of these phase transitions are analyzed from the correlation functions, excitation gaps, and entanglement entropy. In particular, a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type is recognized for several gapped-to-gapless transitions. In addition, we also study the quantum phase transitions by varying \ensuremathρB{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}\ensuremathρB​ from 0 to 1 while keeping \ensuremathρA=1/2{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{A}=1/2\ensuremathρA​=1/2. We identify a supersolid phase in a wide range of 1/2<\ensuremathρB<11/2<{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}<11/2<\ensuremathρB​<1. Our work paves the way for realizing exotic many-body phases in cold-atom experiments upon proper tuning of experimental parameters.
We study the one-dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard model in incommensurate densities using the density matrix renormalization group with the mean-filed (CMFT+DMRG)and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods. We focus on the region of the phase diagram where onsite interaction (U) is smaller than the nearest-neighbor interaction (V). We determine the superfluid and the density wave order parameters to identify superfluid, phase-separated, supersolid, density wave phases, and obtain the phase diagram in the density-onsite interaction(ρ, U) plane for fixed nearest-neighbor interaction. The supersolid and phase-separation phases exist for a wide range of densities. The density ranges for which the phase-separation is seen shrinking with theincrease in the onsite interaction.
The search and characterization of supersolid phases remain a central topic in condensed matter physics. Inspired by the experimental discovery of local superfluid and insulating phases in two-dimensional moiré optical lattices [Meng et al., Nature 615, 231 (2023)], we systematically explore the emergence of a local supersolid (lllSS) phase in a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model subjected to a moiré potential, using the density-matrix renormalization group method. We impose a maximum site occupation nmax=2n_{\rm max}=2nmax​=2 to realize the soft-core boson constraint. In the absence of nearest-neighbor repulsion, we identify the conventional superfluid, local superfluid, Mott insulator, and moiré-induced insulator phases. When the nearest-neighbor repulsion is turned on, the lllSS phase emerges in the strong-moiré regime. This phase is uniquely characterized by three key signatures: (i) coexisting local staggered density order and local off-diagonal coherence within isolated moiré supercells; (ii) exponentially decaying global off-diagonal correlations; and (iii) a vanishing global structure factor in the thermodynamic limit, while the local structure factor remains finite. These features clearly distinguish the lllSS from the conventional global supersolid (SS) phase, which exhibits algebraic correlations and a finite global structure factor. Our results provide a complete microscopic picture of local quantum phases in moiré lattices and offer clear experimental observables for detecting lllSS states with ultracold atoms.
We study the phase diagram of the one-dimensional boson gas trapped inside an optical lattice with contact and dipolar interaction, taking into account next-nearest terms for both tunneling and interaction. Using the density-matrix renormalization group, we calculate how the locations of phase transitions change with increasing dipolar interaction strength for average density $\ensuremath{\rho}=1$. Furthermore, we show the emergence of pair-correlated phases for a large dipolar interaction strength and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\ge}2$, including a supersolid phase with an incommensurate density wave ordering manifesting the corresponding spontaneous breaking of the translational symmetry.
We investigate the ground-state phase diagram of a two-component extended Bose-Hubbard model recently realized with dipolar excitons, using the projected entangled-pair states. For the experimentally relevant parameter regime, checkerboard, Mott-insulating, superfluid, and vacuum phases are identified. These phases exhibit orbital-selective character, wherein the two components occupy different quantum states, but we find no evidence for a supersolid phase. The absence of supersolidity is attributed to the strongly interaction-dominated microscopic energy scales, which severely restrict the superfluid regime. Guided by the supersolid mechanism, we further explore a nearby parameter regime with enhanced hopping of one component and identify an orbital-selective supersolid phase. Further finite bond-dimension and unit-cell analyses establish the robustness of this phase. Our results clarify the zero-temperature phase structure of the dipolar-exciton platform and provide a possible route toward realizing supersolidity in this setting.
The extended Bose-Hubbard model with correlated tunneling exhibits staggered superfluid and supersolid quantum phases. We study finite-temperature phase transitions of quantum phases of dipolar bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice using Gutzwiller mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo approaches. When nearest-neighbor repulsion is comparable to the on-site interaction, we find that the two topologically distinct superfluids are separated by a normal-fluid phase, while at stronger off-site interactions, density-modulated insulating quantum phases appear. We estimate the critical temperature of the staggered-superfluid to normal-fluid transition and show that this transition is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. Finally, we elucidate the coexistence of staggered quantum phases in the presence of an external trapping potential. Our study paves the way to observe novel staggered quantum phases in dipolar optical lattice experiments.
We determine the quantum ground state of dipolar bosons in a quasi-one-dimensional optical lattice and interacting via sss-wave scattering. The Hamiltonian is an extended Bose-Hubbard model which includes hopping terms due to the interactions. We identify the parameter regime for which the coefficients of the interaction-induced hopping terms become negative. For these parameters we numerically determine the phase diagram for a canonical ensemble and by means of density matrix renormalization group. We show that at sufficiently large values of the dipolar strength there is a quantum interference between the tunneling due to single-particle effects and the one due to the interactions. Because of this phenomenon, incompressible phases appear at relatively large values of the single-particle tunneling rates. This quantum interference cuts the phase diagram into two different, disconnected superfluid phases. In particular, at vanishing kinetic energy, the phase is always superfluid with a staggered superfluid order parameter. These dynamics emerge from quantum interference phenomena between quantum fluctuations and interactions and shed light into their role in determining the thermodynamic properties of quantum matter.