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arXiv:2503.16314 · Quantum Science and Technology

An experimental investigation of quantum frequency correlations resilience against white and colored noise

Linda Sansoni, Eleonora Stefanutti, Andrea Chiuri

Published Aug 5, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Quantum technologies based on photons rely on correlated pairs generated through nonlinear optics. Hence, understanding the impact of disturbances is of paramount importance for the development of this innovative field. Here we focus on the quantum spectroscopy as one of the most promising quantum technique showing a realistic perspective for a future employment. In this field, the most interesting disturbance is represented by the frequency noise. We present an experiment aimed at testing and characterizing the resilience against different levels of white and colored noise and we include simulations to generalize our findings. With this work we demonstrate that the spectroscopical properties of both the target and the noise, as well as the strength of the quantum correlations, play a crucial role and could have e huge impact on the performances, especially in terms of achievable spectral resolution. Remarkably, the presence of a specific region where the technology is always robust against any kind of noise represents an advantage allowing to deal with optimal measurements and fully exploit the capabilities of this technology.

DOI
10.1088/2058-9565/adf7d0

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Quantum optics plays a central role in the study of fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics, and in the development of new technological applications. Typical experiments employ sources of photon pairs generated by parametric processes such as spontaneous parametric down-conversion and spontaneous four-wave-mixing. The standard characterization of these sources relies on detecting the pairs themselves and thus requires single photon detectors, which limit both measurement speed and accuracy. Here it is shown that the two-photon quantum state that would be generated by parametric fluorescence can be characterised with unprecedented spectral resolution by performing a classical experiment. This streamlined technique gives access to hitherto unexplored features of two-photon states and has the potential to speed up design and testing of massively parallel integrated nonlinear sources by providing a fast and reliable quality control procedure. Additionally, it allows for the engineering of quantum light states at a significantly higher level of spectral detail, powering future quantum optical applications based on time-energy photon correlations.
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As an important part of underwater optical technology, underwater imaging plays a crucial role in accurately capturing underwater targets and environmental features. Facing the challenges of complex ocean environments and severe photon attenuation, quantum imaging breaks through the limitations of traditional optical imaging technology by utilizing the characteristics of two-photon entanglement and time-space correlation, thus offering a new perspective on ocean turbulence. To this end, we propose a new underwater entangled-photon quantum imaging system. Specifically, we first construct an entangled photon quantum imaging physical model through ocean long-exposure turbulence and then exploit an entangled light coincidence imaging reconstruction method to image the target object. Furthermore, in response to the problem that ocean environment has a great impact on photons, we develop a photon capture probability method based on entangled photon pairs to reduce the impact of the ocean turbulence noise on imaging and improve the underwater target imaging resolution. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by showing that even in harsh ocean environments, quantum imaging performs superior resolution capabilities over traditional light source imaging techniques.