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arXiv:2503.11052 · Physical Review Research

Preparing magnonic non-Gaussian states by adding a single magnon onto Gaussian states

Zi-Xu Lu, Huai-Bing Zhu, Xuan Zuo, Jie Li

Published May 29, 2025• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum magnonics based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres provides a new arena for observing macroscopic quantum states. Here, we propose to prepare two kinds of non-Gaussian magnonic states by adding a single magnon to two Gaussian states, namely, coherent and thermal states. We adopt an optomagnonic system of a YIG sphere and use fast optical pulses to weakly activate the magnon-induced Stokes scattering. Conditioned on the detection of a polarized single photon, a single magnon can be added to an initial Gaussian state. We use a microwave cavity to prepare an initial magnon coherent state and finally read out the generated single-magnon added coherent or thermal state. Both the non-Gaussian states of a magnon mode in a large YIG sphere are macroscopic quantum states, which exhibit many nonclassical properties, such as sub-Poissonian statistics, quadrature squeezing, and a negative Wigner function. Further, both states show a smooth transition from a quantum state to a classical state with the change of the coherent or thermal magnon excitations and thus can be used for the fundamental study of the quantum-to-classical transition.

DOI
10.1103/jr6g-dcnp

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Quantum magnonics based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres provides a new arena for observing macroscopic quantum states. Here, we propose to prepare two kinds of non-Gaussian magnonic states by adding a single magnon to two Gaussian states, namely, coherent and thermal states. We adopt an optomagnonic system of a YIG sphere and use fast optical pulses to weakly activate the magnon-induced Stokes scattering. Conditioned on the detection of a polarized single photon, a single magnon can be added to an initial Gaussian state. We use a microwave cavity to prepare an initial magnon coherent state and finally read out the generated single-magnon added coherent or thermal state. Both the non-Gaussian states of a magnon mode in a large YIG sphere are macroscopic quantum states, which exhibit many nonclassical properties, such as sub-Poissonian statistics, quadrature squeezing, and a negative Wigner function. Further, both states show a smooth transition from a quantum state to a classical state with the change of the coherent or thermal magnon excitations and thus can be used for the fundamental study of the quantum-to-classical transition.
Recent studies show that hybrid quantum systems based on magnonics provide a new and promising platform for generating macroscopic quantum states involving a large number of spins. Here, we show how to entangle two magnon modes in two massive yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres using cavity optomagnonics, where magnons couple to high-quality optical whispering gallery modes supported by the YIG sphere. The spheres can be as large as 1 mm in diameter and each sphere contains more than 1018{10}^{18}1018 spins. The proposal is based on the asymmetry of the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands generated by the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering in cavity optomagnonics. This allows one to utilize the Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering process, respectively, for generating and verifying the entanglement. Our work indicates that cavity optomagnonics could be a promising system for preparing macroscopic quantum states.
The cavity-magnon-qubit system has recently been demonstrated as a new platform for preparing macroscopic quantum states in magnonic systems. Here, we propose to prepare a two-mode magnonic cat state, which is also a non-Gaussian entangled state, based on this practical system involving two yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres and a superconducting qubit coupled to a common microwave cavity. By adiabatically eliminating the cavity and resonantly driving the qubit, an effective magnon-qubit conditional-displacement interaction is achieved. Further working in the magnon-magnon strong-coupling regime and considering two identical magnon frequencies and coupling strengths to the cavity, two hybridized magnon modes are formed, of which the bright mode is prepared in a cat state after a projective measurement on the qubit, while the dark mode remains in its initial vacuum state. Such a state corresponds to a two-mode cat state of two original magnon modes, which share strong non-Gaussian entanglement. We also discuss practical dissipation and dephasing effects on the cat state. The results indicate that strong nonclassicality and non-Gaussian entanglement are present in the two-mode cat state using fully feasible parameters.
We propose a feasible experimental model to investigate the generation and characterization of nonclassical states in a cavity optomagnonic system consisting of a ferromagnetic YIG sphere that simultaneously supports both the magnon mode and two whispering gallery modes of optical photons. The photons undergo the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering, which is a well-established tool for the cavity-assisted manipulations of magnons as well as magnon spintronics. At first, we derive the desired interaction Hamiltonian under the influence of the anti-Stokes scattering process and then proceed to analyze the dynamical evolution of quantum statistics of photons and magnons as well as their intermodal entanglement. The results show that both photons and magnons generally acquire some nonclassical features, e.g., the strong antibunching and anti-correlation. Interestingly, the system may experience the perfect photon and magnon blockade phenomena, simultaneously. Besides, the nonclassical features may be protected against the unwanted environmental effects for a relatively long time, especially, in the weak driving field regime and when the system is initiated with a small number of particles. However, it should be noted that some fast quantum-classical transitions may occur in-between. Although the unwanted dissipative effects plague the nonclassical features, we show that this system can be adopted to prepare optomagnonic entangled states. The generation of entangled states depends on the initial state of the system and the interaction regime. The intermodal photon-magnon entanglement may be generated and pronounced, especially, if the system is initialized with low intensity even Schrödinger cat state in the strong coupling regime. The cavity-assisted manipulation of magnons is a unique and flexible mechanism that allows an interesting test bed for investigating the interdisciplinary contexts involving quantum optics and spintronics. Moreover, such a hybrid optomagnonic system may be used to design both on-demand single-photon and single-magnon sources and may find potential applications in quantum information processing.
A protocol for realizing discrete-variable quantum teleportation in an optomagnonic system is provided. Using optical pulses, an arbitrary photonic qubit state encoded in orthogonal polarizations is transferred onto the joint state of a pair of magnonic oscillators in two macroscopic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres that are placed in an optical interferometer. We further show that optomagnonic entanglement swapping can be realized in an extended dual-interferometer configuration with a joint Bell-state detection. Consequently, magnon Bell states are prepared. We analyze the effect of the residual thermal occupation of the magnon modes on the fidelity in both the teleportation and entanglement swapping protocols. The work may find applications in the study of macroscopic quantum states, quantum information processing, and hybrid quantum networks based on magnonics.
Abstract Coherent quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals is of great importance for long-distance quantum communication. Here we propose a novel scheme for the implementation of nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes based on a hybrid magnonic system. A yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) sphere with both the optomechanical and the optomagnetic properties is exploited to couple with a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator. The magnetostatic mode of the YIG sphere is treated as an intermediate to interact with the microwave and optical modes simultaneously. By manipulating the amplitudes and phase differences between the couplings via external driving fields, we show that the nonreciprocal microwave-light single-photon state conversion can be realized via the quantum interference effect.
The implementation of quantum network made up of multiple nodes and channels needs to take advantage of hybrid quantum systems. So far, in the hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor quantum system, the establishment of the remote effective interactions based on the virtual photons exchange mediated by the microwave cavity mode has been experimentally confirmed, providing a physical basis for the implementation of the remote signal transfer from one node to another. In this work, we put forward a magnon-based hybrid quantum system consisting of two macroscopic spin subsystems [i.e., millimeter-diameter ferromagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres] and one transmon-type superconducting qubit, and show that the mechanism of the cavity-mediated remote magnon-mode intertalk is feasible for achieving microwave signal transfer, simultaneously accompanied by a transition from Poissonian to sub-Poissonian statistics. We find that by tuning the typical system parameters properly, even if there is a mismatch in magnon-mode frequencies or dissipation rates between the two YIG spheres, the microwave information transfer from one YIG sphere to another is still robust, where the signal output through another YIG sphere exhibits pronounced antibunching. In addition, the proposed hybrid quantum system possesses a robustness window against the dissipation rates of both the qubit and the two Kittel modes. The analytical calculations and numerical simulations are conducted under experimentally accessible conditions, and the consistency of the results attained by these two methods makes our research more credible. Physically, we notice that two conversion channels are opened. One channel comes from the linear coupling. The other is based on the nonlinear interaction, which also is the underlying mechanism responsible for nonclassical sub-Poissonian signal output.