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arXiv:2503.07913 · Optics Letters

Atom-chip compatible optical lattice

Robert H. Leonard, Spencer E. Olson

Published Jul 21, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

A lattice beam configuration that results in an isotropic 3D trap near the surface of an atom chip is described. The lattice is formed near the surface of a reflectively coated atom chip, where three incident beams and three reflected beams intersect. The coherent interference of these six beams forms a phase-stable optical lattice that extends to the surface of the atom chip. The lattice is experimentally realized, and the trap frequency is measured. Degenerate Raman sideband cooling is performed in the optical lattice, cooling 80 million atoms to .

DOI
10.1364/ol.558360

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A lattice beam configuration that results in an isotropic 3D trap near the surface of an atom chip is described. The lattice is formed near the surface of a reflectively coated atom chip, where three incident beams and three reflected beams intersect. The coherent interference of these six beams forms a phase-stable optical lattice that extends to the surface of the atom chip. The lattice is experimentally realized, and the trap frequency is measured. Degenerate Raman sideband cooling is performed in the optical lattice, cooling 80 million atoms to .
Optical dipole traps and atom chips are two very powerful tools for the quantum manipulation of neutral atoms. We demonstrate that both methods can be combined by creating an optical lattice potential on an atom chip. A red-detuned laser beam is retroreflected using the atom chip surface as a high-quality mirror, generating a vertical array of purely optical oblate traps. We transfer thermal atoms from the chip into the lattice and observe cooling into the two-dimensional regime. Using a chip-generated Bose-Einstein condensate, we demonstrate coherent Bloch oscillations in the lattice.
In this work we present the results of studies of one-dimensional (1D) and twodimensional (2D) optical lattices on a chip.We have developed a method to create 1D and 2D optical lattices above an optical waveguide.The method is based on the destructive interference of the evanescent waves of two modes of the waveguide, resulting in a periodic array of nodes above the waveguide surface.For blue-detuned light, this constitutes an array of optical dipole traps for neutral atoms.One pair of modes coupled into a ridge waveguide creates a 1D array of nodes in this manner, and two orthogonal pairs of modes in a slab waveguide result in a 2D array of nodes.Computational analysis of our method showed that these optical atom chips may be suitable for use as a quantum register, and for studies of atom-surface interactions between the trapped atoms and the waveguide surface.Using realistic waveguide materials and laboratory laser parameters we found that for a laser power of ~100 mW nodes can be created ~100 nm above the waveguide surface.The nodes constitute atom traps that are ~1mK deep, and have trap frequencies ~1MHz and ground state sizes of ~10 nm.The spacing between traps is ~1 µm enabling individual addressing with a focused laser beam.iii With the implementation of two-qubit gates in mind, initial investigations of extensions of the basic 2D optical lattice were conducted.Computational results for a counter-propagating 2D optical lattice with very close trap spacing (~λ/4) in one dimension, and for a 2D optical lattice with adjustable spacing between pairs of traps in one dimension are presented.An experimental setup for the realization of the proposed 2D optical lattices on a chip was designed and built.Several cooling and trapping steps necessary to prepare a cold atom sample for loading of the 2D optical lattice have been implemented successfully.In the course of previous studies of atom-surface interactions, a novel surfaceionization detector for 2D imaging of neutral atom samples was built and characterized.We find a detection efficiency ~50 %, a spatial resolution of 20 µm and a time response < 1/30 s. iv To my family.v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor Greg Lafyatis for everything that he taught me.I also want to thank Frank DeLucia for always being there with his advice when I needed it.I appreciate Eric Herbst and Junko Shigemitsu for being willing to serve on
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about nv = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to nv 2.4.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about ⟨ n v ⟩ = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to ⟨ n v ⟩ ≃ 2.4.