Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2501.17915 · Physical Review A

Strong-driving toolkit for topological Floquet energy pumps with superconducting circuits

Martin A. Ritter, David M. Long, Qianao Yue, Maya Amouzegar, Anushya Chandran, Alicia J. Kollár

Published Sep 11, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Topological Floquet energy pumps, which use periodic driving to create a topologically protected quantized energy current, have been proposed and studied theoretically, but have never been observed directly. Previous work [D. M. Long et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 183602 (2022)] proposed that such a pump could be realized with a strongly driven superconducting qubit coupled to a cavity. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed hierarchy of energy scales and drive frequencies can be realized using a transmon qubit. We develop an experimental toolkit to realize the adiabatic driving field required for energy pumping using coordinated frequency modulation of the transmon and amplitude modulation of an applied resonant microwave drive. With this toolkit, we measure adiabatic evolution of the qubit under the applied field for times comparable to ${T}_{1}$, which far exceed the bare qubit dephasing time. This result paves the way for direct experimental observation of topological energy pumping.

DOI
10.1103/syst-93sh

Related papers

Adiabatic Evolution under Modulated Driving in a Transmon Qubit

Zhimin Wang, Wen Zheng, Jianwen Xu +6 more

Abstract The traditional quantum adiabatic criterion based on instantaneous eigenenergy gaps becomes inadequate in certain periodically driven systems. In this work, we experimentally investigate the adiabatic mechanism in a superconducting transmon qubit driven by modulated microwave. We demonstrate that the adiabatic dynamics are governed by quasi-energy gaps between Floquet modes rather than by instantaneous eigenenergy gaps. In particular, we study the regime where the instantaneous eigenenergy gap closes and the traditional adiabatic picture fails, while the evolution nevertheless remains adiabatic due to a finite quasi-energy gap. The experimental observations reveal the role of the quasi-energy structure in the adiabatic mechanism of modulated driven systems. We further show that the flexibility of this adiabatic criterion may provide a method to shorten the duration of adiabatic evolution through adaptive parameter modulation. These results offer experimental insights into adiabatic mechanisms beyond the conventional framework and may facilitate the development of high-performance adiabatic quantum control protocols.

Chinese Physics B•Aug 15, 2026•0 citations

Topological anomalous Floquet photon pump

Manshuo Lin, Saeed Rahmanian Koshkaki, Mohsen Yarmohammadi +1 more

There is a close theoretical connection between topological Floquet physics and cavity QED, yet this connection has not been realized experimentally due to complicated cavity QED models that often arise. We propose a simple, experimentally viable protocol to realize non-adiabatic topological photon pumping mediated by a single qubit, which we dub the anomalous Floquet photon pump. For both quantized photons and external drive, the system exhibits a non-trivial topological phase across a broad range of parameter space. Transitions out of the topological phase result from frequency-space delocalization. Finally, we argue that the protocol can be implemented in existing experiments via driven qubit non-linearities, with topological pumping witnessed in measurements of the cavity Wigner distribution functions.

arXiv:2410.10959•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Apr 24, 2026•0 citations

Topological power pumping in quantum circuits

Jacquelin Luneau, C. Dutreix, Quentin Ficheux +4 more

In this article, we develop a description of topological pumps as slow classical dynamical variables coupled by a quantum system. We discuss the cases of quantum Hall pumps, Thouless pumps, and the more recent Floquet pumps based frequency converters. This last case corresponds to a quantum topological coupling between classical modes described by action-angle variables on which we focus. We propose a realization of such a topological coupler based on a superconducting qutrit suitably driven by three modulated drives. A detailed experimental protocol allowing to measure the quantized topological power transfer between the different modes of a superconducting circuit is discussed.

arXiv:2109.12897•Sep 27, 2021•0 citations

Topological power pumping in quantum circuits

Jacquelin Luneau, C. Dutreix, Quentin Ficheux +4 more

In this article, we develop a description of topological pumps as slow classical dynamical variables coupled by a quantum system. We discuss the cases of quantum Hall pumps, Thouless pumps, and the more recent Floquet pumps based frequency converters. This last case corresponds to a quantum topological coupling between classical modes described by action-angle variables on which we focus. We propose a realization of such a topological coupler based on a superconducting qutrit suitably driven by three modulated drives. A detailed experimental protocol allowing to measure the quantized topological power transfer between the different modes of a superconducting circuit is discussed.

Physical Review Research•Mar 2, 2022•8 citations

Floquet Spectroscopy of a Strongly Driven Quantum Dot Charge Qubit with a Microwave Resonator

Jonne Koski, Andreas Landig, András Pályi +7 more

We experimentally investigate a strongly driven GaAs double quantum dot charge qubit weakly coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. The Floquet states emerging from strong driving are probed by tracing the qubit-resonator resonance condition. In this way, we probe the resonance of a qubit that is driven in an adiabatic, a nonadiabatic, or an intermediate rate, showing distinct quantum features of multiphoton processes and a fringe pattern similar to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference. Our resonant detection scheme enables the investigation of novel features when the drive frequency is comparable to the resonator frequency. Models based on the adiabatic approximation, rotating wave approximation, and Floquet theory explain our experimental observations.

arXiv:1802.03810•Physical Review Letters•Jul 23, 2018•49 citations

Adiabatic realization of anomalous Floquet topological systems

Luca Asteria, Marcel N. Kosch, Henrik P. Zahn +4 more

Topology has emerged as a central concept for classifying phases of matter. The situation is especially rich in periodically driven systems, where anomalous Floquet topological phases break the usual bulk-boundary correspondence between Chern number and edges modes of two-dimensional systems. These phases were so far realized by periodic modulation of the tunneling elements at frequencies near-resonant with respect to the system's bandwidth, a regime where Floquet heating plays a significant role in interacting systems. Here we show that such anomalous Floquet topological phases can also be realized by means of an adiabatic protocol, where the system is always in the instantaneous ground state of the cyclic path in parameter space, like in a Thouless charge pump. We experimentally realize such a state using ultracold atoms in a hexagonal lattice where we adiabatically modulate the lattice geometry, including the sublattice offset. To infer the topology, we use the micromotion area in real-space, which was recently identified as a proxy for the winding number. This way of realizing anomalous phases avoids resonant Floquet heating and imperfect loading into the target state. We demonstrate the robustness of the adiabatic construction by observing the anomalous phase even in the presence of mean-field interactions of magnitude comparable to all other energy scales. These findings are promising for engineering novel topological states in a more robust way.

arXiv:2606.16942•Jun 15, 2026•0 citations
Topological Floquet energy pumps, which use periodic driving to create a topologically protected quantized energy current, have been proposed and studied theoretically, but have never been observed directly. Previous work [D. M. Long et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 183602 (2022)] proposed that such a pump could be realized with a strongly driven superconducting qubit coupled to a cavity. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed hierarchy of energy scales and drive frequencies can be realized using a transmon qubit. We develop an experimental toolkit to realize the adiabatic driving field required for energy pumping using coordinated frequency modulation of the transmon and amplitude modulation of an applied resonant microwave drive. With this toolkit, we measure adiabatic evolution of the qubit under the applied field for times comparable to T1{T}_{1}T1​, which far exceed the bare qubit dephasing time. This result paves the way for direct experimental observation of topological energy pumping.
Abstract The traditional quantum adiabatic criterion based on instantaneous eigenenergy gaps becomes inadequate in certain periodically driven systems. In this work, we experimentally investigate the adiabatic mechanism in a superconducting transmon qubit driven by modulated microwave. We demonstrate that the adiabatic dynamics are governed by quasi-energy gaps between Floquet modes rather than by instantaneous eigenenergy gaps. In particular, we study the regime where the instantaneous eigenenergy gap closes and the traditional adiabatic picture fails, while the evolution nevertheless remains adiabatic due to a finite quasi-energy gap. The experimental observations reveal the role of the quasi-energy structure in the adiabatic mechanism of modulated driven systems. We further show that the flexibility of this adiabatic criterion may provide a method to shorten the duration of adiabatic evolution through adaptive parameter modulation. These results offer experimental insights into adiabatic mechanisms beyond the conventional framework and may facilitate the development of high-performance adiabatic quantum control protocols.
There is a close theoretical connection between topological Floquet physics and cavity QED, yet this connection has not been realized experimentally due to complicated cavity QED models that often arise. We propose a simple, experimentally viable protocol to realize non-adiabatic topological photon pumping mediated by a single qubit, which we dub the anomalous Floquet photon pump. For both quantized photons and external drive, the system exhibits a non-trivial topological phase across a broad range of parameter space. Transitions out of the topological phase result from frequency-space delocalization. Finally, we argue that the protocol can be implemented in existing experiments via driven qubit non-linearities, with topological pumping witnessed in measurements of the cavity Wigner distribution functions.
In this article, we develop a description of topological pumps as slow classical dynamical variables coupled by a quantum system. We discuss the cases of quantum Hall pumps, Thouless pumps, and the more recent Floquet pumps based frequency converters. This last case corresponds to a quantum topological coupling between classical modes described by action-angle variables on which we focus. We propose a realization of such a topological coupler based on a superconducting qutrit suitably driven by three modulated drives. A detailed experimental protocol allowing to measure the quantized topological power transfer between the different modes of a superconducting circuit is discussed.
In this article, we develop a description of topological pumps as slow classical dynamical variables coupled by a quantum system. We discuss the cases of quantum Hall pumps, Thouless pumps, and the more recent Floquet pumps based frequency converters. This last case corresponds to a quantum topological coupling between classical modes described by action-angle variables on which we focus. We propose a realization of such a topological coupler based on a superconducting qutrit suitably driven by three modulated drives. A detailed experimental protocol allowing to measure the quantized topological power transfer between the different modes of a superconducting circuit is discussed.
We experimentally investigate a strongly driven GaAs double quantum dot charge qubit weakly coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. The Floquet states emerging from strong driving are probed by tracing the qubit-resonator resonance condition. In this way, we probe the resonance of a qubit that is driven in an adiabatic, a nonadiabatic, or an intermediate rate, showing distinct quantum features of multiphoton processes and a fringe pattern similar to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference. Our resonant detection scheme enables the investigation of novel features when the drive frequency is comparable to the resonator frequency. Models based on the adiabatic approximation, rotating wave approximation, and Floquet theory explain our experimental observations.
Topology has emerged as a central concept for classifying phases of matter. The situation is especially rich in periodically driven systems, where anomalous Floquet topological phases break the usual bulk-boundary correspondence between Chern number and edges modes of two-dimensional systems. These phases were so far realized by periodic modulation of the tunneling elements at frequencies near-resonant with respect to the system's bandwidth, a regime where Floquet heating plays a significant role in interacting systems. Here we show that such anomalous Floquet topological phases can also be realized by means of an adiabatic protocol, where the system is always in the instantaneous ground state of the cyclic path in parameter space, like in a Thouless charge pump. We experimentally realize such a state using ultracold atoms in a hexagonal lattice where we adiabatically modulate the lattice geometry, including the sublattice offset. To infer the topology, we use the micromotion area in real-space, which was recently identified as a proxy for the winding number. This way of realizing anomalous phases avoids resonant Floquet heating and imperfect loading into the target state. We demonstrate the robustness of the adiabatic construction by observing the anomalous phase even in the presence of mean-field interactions of magnitude comparable to all other energy scales. These findings are promising for engineering novel topological states in a more robust way.