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arXiv:2501.17093 · Physical Review A

Enhancing the fidelity of stimulated Raman transitions with simple phase shifts

Huayang Wang, Xuyang Chen, Zhenyu Wang

Published Mar 25, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate that in stimulated Raman transitions introducing one or two simple phase shifts to the control fields significantly enhances the fidelity of state manipulation while simultaneously reducing leakage to the intermediate excited state. Our approach achieves high-fidelity quantum gate operations between the two target states under arbitrary detuning conditions. Notably, the average population in the intermediate excited state is approximately halved, without extending the overall evolution time. Additionally, our method exhibits greater robustness to static amplitude and detuning errors compared to conventional adiabatic elimination techniques, and maintains higher fidelity even in the presence of dissipation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.032619

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We demonstrate that in stimulated Raman transitions introducing one or two simple phase shifts to the control fields significantly enhances the fidelity of state manipulation while simultaneously reducing leakage to the intermediate excited state. Our approach achieves high-fidelity quantum gate operations between the two target states under arbitrary detuning conditions. Notably, the average population in the intermediate excited state is approximately halved, without extending the overall evolution time. Additionally, our method exhibits greater robustness to static amplitude and detuning errors compared to conventional adiabatic elimination techniques, and maintains higher fidelity even in the presence of dissipation.
High-fidelity and robust quantum control is essential for large-scale quantum information processing. The stimulated Raman transition that utilizes second-order coupling effect is a valuable and conventional technique for manipulating states in multi-level quantum systems, but its accuracy is limited by the driving-induced Stark shift. Here, we propose a new parameter-modulated method to effectively compensate the Stark-shift effect, so that we are able to realize high-fidelity and robust stimulated Raman transition with optimal control. Additionally, its robustness against different systematic errors can be further improved via optimization its average fidelity under these specific errors. Besides, our method has potential applications for high-fidelity and robust quantum control in high-order coupling scenarios.
A scheme for fine tuning of quantum operations to improve their performance is proposed. A quantum system in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration with two-photon Raman transitions is considered without adiabatic elimination of the excited (intermediate) state. Conditional dynamics of the system is studied with focus on improving fidelity of quantum operations. In particular, the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse and $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ pulse quantum operations are considered. The dressed states for the atom-field system, with an atom driven on one transition by a classical field and on the other by a quantum cavity field, are found. A discrete set of detunings is given for which high fidelity of desired states is achieved. Analytical solutions for the quantum state amplitudes are found in the first order perturbation theory with respect to the cavity damping rate $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and the spontaneous emission rate $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Numerical solutions for higher values of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ indicate a stabilizing role of spontaneous emission in the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ pulse quantum operations. The idea can also be applied for excitation pulses of different shapes.
Abstract The multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is an efficient technique to achieve a selective and accurate population transfer in a chainwise-linked system. However, their efficiency is imperfect due to the nonadiabatic losses from the long runtime of the adiabatic evolution. Here, we focus on realizing a perfect and robust coherent control of the quantum states with optimal shortcut to adiabaticity in a realistic five-state hybrid quantum system. In particular, the optimal shortcut field requires minimal additional coupling (only one coupling strength) to accelerate the adiabatic evolution in this five-state system. Compared to the original STIRAP, the optimal shortcut shows the ultra-high fidelity of quantum state manipulations even though the control parameters of the Hamiltonians are changed in different ways. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of the optimal shortcut field technique in the presence of various experimental errors, such as systematic error, Rabi frequency error, and coupling strength error, and it features a broad range of high efficiencies above 99.9%, showing its robustness against the above errors. The results might shed insight on the further applications of shortcuts to adiabaticity on robust quantum information processing in multi-level quantum systems.
Abstract In many quantum technologies adiabatic processes are used for coherent quantum state operations, offering inherent robustness to errors in the control parameters. The main limitation is the long operation time resulting from the requirement of adiabaticity. The superadiabatic method allows for faster operation, by applying counterdiabatic driving that corrects for excitations resulting from the violation of the adiabatic condition. In this article we show how to construct the counterdiabatic Hamiltonian in a system with forbidden transitions by using two-photon processes and how to correct for the resulting time-dependent ac-Stark shifts in order to enable population transfer with unit fidelity. We further demonstrate that superadiabatic stimulated Raman passage can realize a robust unitary NOT-gate between the ground state and the second excited state of a three-level system. The results can be readily applied to a three-level transmon with the ladder energy level structure.
Abstract We conduct a systematic study to optimize the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) processes using Pontryagin’s principle. Pontryagin’s principle enables the incorporation of time- and fidelity-based optimization strategies into the traditional adiabatic processes. By incorporating an integral term of the intermediate state population into the cost function of either evolution time or target state fidelity, we can achieve either time-optimal or high-fidelity state transfer while maintaining minimal intermediate state occupation. This optimization method can also be superior to the shortcuts to adiabaticity control in either transfer speed or state fidelity, depending on the chosen cost function. Our method provides a systematic optimization strategy for the STIRAP process. Moreover, this approach is robust against the decoherence effect of the system caused by its surrounding environment, thereby enhancing the overall control performance and stability.
Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.