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arXiv:2501.07252 · Physical Review Research

Multipartite quantum correlated bright frequency combs

Adrien Bensemhoun, S. Cassina, C. Gonzalez-Arciniegas, Mohamed Faouzi Melalkia, Giuseppe Patera, J. Faugier-Tovar, Quentin Wilmart, S. Olivier, A. Zavatta, Anthony Martin, Jean Etesse, Laurent Labonté, Olivier Pfister, Virginia D’Auria, Sébastien Tanzilli

Published Jul 16, 2025• 1 citation
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Abstract

This experimental work demonstrates multipartite quantum correlation in bright frequency combs out of a microresonator integrated on silicon nitride operating above its oscillation threshold. Multipartite features, going beyond so far reported two-mode correlation, naturally arise due to a cascade of nonlinear optical processes, making a single-color laser pump sufficient to initiate their generation. Our results show the transition from two-mode to multipartite correlation, witnessed by noise reductions as low as − 2.5 dB and − 2 dB , respectively, compared to corresponding classical levels. A constant of the movement of the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian is identified and used to asses the multipartite behavior. Reported demonstrations pave the way to next generation on-chip multipartite sources for quantum technologies applications.

DOI
10.1103/cc69-5gq2

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This experimental work demonstrates multipartite quantum correlation in bright frequency combs out of a microresonator integrated on silicon nitride operating above its oscillation threshold. Multipartite features, going beyond so far reported two-mode correlation, naturally arise due to a cascade of nonlinear optical processes, making a single-color laser pump sufficient to initiate their generation. Our results show the transition from two-mode to multipartite correlation, witnessed by noise reductions as low as − 2.5 dB and − 2 dB , respectively, compared to corresponding classical levels. A constant of the movement of the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian is identified and used to asses the multipartite behavior. Reported demonstrations pave the way to next generation on-chip multipartite sources for quantum technologies applications.
Our work shows the existence of multipartite quantum correlations in bright frequency combs at the output of a microresonator integrated on silicon nitride platform. Multipartite features go beyond so far reported two-mode correlation and naturally arise due to a cascade of non-linear optical processes that, contrarily to other common experimental configurations, can be initiated by a single-color laser pump. We experimentally illustrate this behaviour by detecting the quantum correlation on the intensity noise spectra of up to 4 bright modes. Presented results, as well as the theoretical and experimental tools dedicated to their measurement, open the way to the exploitation of frequency combs for future quantum technology applications in continuous variable multipartite quantum photonics
Integrated photonic platforms provide a powerful route toward scalable and stable quantum light sources. In this presentation, we explore how quantum correlations can be generated, distributed, and characterized in the frequency domain using integrated photonic frequency combs. Relying on Kerr nonlinear microresonators operated below and above threshold, we demonstrate the generation of discrete entangled photon pairs as well as bright multipartite quantum states involving many spectral modes. We show how frequency multiplexing enables both multi-user quantum communication and enhanced data rates, while remaining fully compatible with integrated photonic circuits. Beyond bipartite entanglement, we report direct signatures of genuine multipartite quantum correlations in bright frequency combs. These results highlight integrated photonics as a versatile and scalable platform for multimode quantum technologies in communication, sensing, and metrology.
We present a theoretical model of multimode quantum correlations in bright frequency combs generated in continuous-wave regime by microresonators above threshold. Our analysis shows how these correlations emerge from cascading four-wave mixing processes fed by the input pump as well as the generated bright beams. Logarithmic negativity criterion is employed to quantify entanglement between partitions of modes, demonstrating the transition from a bipartite regime just above the oscillation threshold to the multipartite one at higher input pump powers. Due to its generality, our model can be safely used to describe other kinds of non-linear χχχ (3) cavities.
Integrated Kerr quantum frequency combs (QFCs), with the potential to generate multiple and scalable quantum states, have emerged as a compact, stable, and fundamental resource for broadband entanglement. Here, we build a platform for designing bipartite entangled QFCs via an on-chip silicon nitride microring resonator. By establishing the system quantum dynamics of Kerr nonlinear microresonators, our platform can support up to 12 continuous-variable quantum modes, in the form of six simultaneously two-mode squeezed pairs under the influence of hysteresis. The entanglement degree of frequency-mode pairs is dependent on the resonator structure and ambient temperature. By adjusting the cavity temperature, we can optimize the performance of entanglement under certain injected pump power and pump detuning. Our comprehensive QFC designing process and entanglement distribution control may ameliorate the generation and optimization of entanglement.