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arXiv:2501.04045

A new type of Multiverse, Gödel theorems and the nonstandard logic of classical, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity

Massimo Tessarotto, Claudio Asci, Alessandro Soranzo, Marco Tessarotto, Gino Tironi

Published Jan 5, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The problem is posed of establishing a possible relationship between a new type of Multi-verse representation, Gödel undecidability theorems and the logic of classical, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity. For this purpose example cases of multi-verses are first discussed in the context of non-relativistic classical, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity. As a result, it is confirmed that thanks to Gödel theorems non-relativistic classical and quantum mechanics, as well as quantum gravity theory are incomplete. As a consequence, they necessarily admit undecidable logical propositions and therefore obey a three-way boolean logical, i.e., a propositional logic with the three different logical truth values true, false and undecidable.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2501.04045

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The problem is posed of establishing a possible relationship between a new type of Multi-verse representation, Gödel undecidability theorems and the logic of classical, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity. For this purpose example cases of multi-verses are first discussed in the context of non-relativistic classical, quantum mechanics and quantum gravity. As a result, it is confirmed that thanks to Gödel theorems non-relativistic classical and quantum mechanics, as well as quantum gravity theory are incomplete. As a consequence, they necessarily admit undecidable logical propositions and therefore obey a three-way boolean logical, i.e., a propositional logic with the three different logical truth values true, false and undecidable.
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The mathematical representation of the universe consists of sequences of symbols, rules and operators containing Gödel's undecidable propositions: information and its manipulation, also with Turing Machines. Classical information theory and mathematics, ideally independent from the medium used, can be interpreted realistically and objectively from their correspondence with quantum information, which is physical. Each representation of the universe and its evolution are, in any case, physical subsets of the universe, structured sets of observers and their complements in the universe made with spacetime events generated by local quantum measurements. Their description becomes a semantically closed structure without a global object-environment loss of decoherence as a von Neumann's universal constructor with a semantical abstract whose structure cannot be decided deterministically a priori from an internal observer. In a semantically closed structure, the realization of a specific event that writes the semantical abstract of the constructor is a problem of finding "which way" for the evolution of the universe as a choice of the constructor's state in a metastructure, like the many-world Everett scenario, from a specific result of any quantum measurement, corresponding to a Gödel undecidable proposition for an internal observer.
For the first time it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from Classical Physics. An orthomodular lattice of propositions, characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein's theory of general relativity. A particle is modelled by a topologically non-trivial 4-manifold with closed timelike curves - a 4-geon, rather than as an evolving 3-manifold. It is then possible for both the state preparation and measurement apparatus to constrain the results of experiments. It is shown that propositions about the results of measurements can satisfy a non-distributive logic rather than the Boolean logic of classical systems. Reasonable assumptions about the role of the measurement apparatus leads to an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic.
For the first time it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from classical physics. An orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein's theory of general relativity. A particle is modelled by a topologically non-trivial 4-manifold with closed timelike curves--a 4-geon, rather than as an evolving 3-manifold. It is then possible for both the state preparation and measurement apparatus to constrain the results of experiments. It is shown that propositions about the results of measurements can satisfy a non-distributive logic rather than the Boolean logic of classical systems. Reasonable assumptions about the role of the measurement apparatus leads to an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic.
For the first time it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from Classical Physics. An orthomodular lattice of propositions, characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. A particle is modelled by a topologically non-trivial 4-manifold with closed timelike curves- a 4-geon, rather than as an evolving 3-manifold. It is then possible for both the state preparation and measurement apparatus to constrain the results of experiments. It is shown that propositions about the results of measurements can satisfy a non-distributive logic rather than the Boolean logic of classical systems. Reasonable assumptions about the role of the measurement apparatus leads to an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic. 1 Comment This paper has been published in Foundations of Physics Letters [1]. The work forms the basis of my doctoral thesis [2]. A short, less formal talk about my work is archived in quant-ph/9609021 [3]. 2
A classical logic exhibits a threefold inner structure comprising an algebra of propositions , a space of "truth values" V , and a distinguished family of mappings ϕ from propositions to truth values. Classically is a Boolean algebra, V = 2 , and the admissible maps ϕ: 2 are homomorphisms . If one admits a larger set of maps, one obtains an anhomomorphic logic that seems better suited to quantal reality (and the needs of quantum gravity). I explain these ideas and illustrate them with three simple examples.