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arXiv:2412.20030 · Chinese Physics B

Nonreciprocal microwave–optical entanglement in Kerr-modified cavity optomagnomechanics

Mingyue Liu, Yuan Gong, Jiaojiao Chen, Yanwei Wang, Wei Xiong

Published Feb 18, 2025• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Microwave–optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication, secure information transfer, and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics (COMM). This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions, both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction, enabling nonreciprocal behavior. By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning, we show that magnon–phonon, microwave–optical photon–photon, and optical photon–magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise. Additionally, the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled, and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable. This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes, leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/adb735

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Abstract Microwave–optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication, secure information transfer, and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics (COMM). This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions, both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction, enabling nonreciprocal behavior. By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning, we show that magnon–phonon, microwave–optical photon–photon, and optical photon–magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise. Additionally, the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled, and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable. This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes, leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.
Cavity optomechanics, a promising platform to investigate macroscopic quantum effects, has been widely used to study nonreciprocal entanglement with the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an alternative way to realize nonreciprocal entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons in a hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics, where the magnon Kerr effect is used. We show that the Kerr effect gives rise to a magnon frequency shift and an additional two-magnon effect. Both of them can be tuned from positive to negative via tuning the magnetic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. By tuning system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning or the coefficient of the two-magnon effect, bipartite and tripartite entanglements can be nonreciprocally enhanced. By further studying the defined bidirectional contrast ratio, we find that nonreciprocity in our system can be switched on and off, and can be engineered by the bath temperature. Our proposal not only provides a potential path to demonstrate nonreciprocal entanglement with the magnon Kerr effect, but also opens a direction to engineer and design diverse nonreciprocal devices in hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics with nonlinear effects.
Cavity magnomechanics has shown great potential in studying macroscopic quantum effects, especially for quantum entanglement, which is a key resource for quantum information science. Here we propose to realize magnon mediated nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement, which exhibits asymmetry when opposite magnetic or driving fields are respectively applied to the magnons with the Kerr effect or the photons with the Sagnac effect. We find that the mean magnon number can selectively exhibit nonreciprocal linear or nonlinear (bistable) behavior with the strength of the strong driving field on the cavity. Assisted by this driving field, the magnon-phonon coupling is greatly enhanced, leading to the nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement via the swapping interaction between the magnons and photons. This nonreciprocal entanglement can be significantly enhanced with the magnon Kerr and Sagnac effects. Given the available parameters, the nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement can be preserved at $\ensuremath{\approx}3$ K, showing remarkable resilience against the bath temperature. The result reveals that our paper holds promise in developing various nonreciprocal devices with both the magnon Kerr and Sagnac effects in cavity magnomechanics.
We propose a theoretical scheme for the generation of nonreciprocal microwave-optical entanglement in a magnon-based hybrid system where an optical photon in a spinning resonator is coupled to a phonon representing the quantum of the mechanical deformation of a yttrium iron garnet crystal via radiation pressure. Meanwhile, the magnon interacts with the phonon and the microwave through the magnetostrictive and magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, respectively. By spinning the resonator, the light driven in opposite directions propagates irreversibly, which leads to the classical nonreciprocity of mean optical photon numbers. Strikingly, the nonreciprocal entanglement between microwave and optical photons can be generated owing to the Fizeau light-dragging effect. Physically, the magnon–phonon entanglement induced by the magnomechanical parametric downconversion interaction is partially transferred to the microwave-optical subsystem through magnon-microwave and optomechanical state-exchange interactions. Moreover, the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be manipulated by properly choosing various system parameters and the ideal nonreciprocal microwave–optical entanglement could be achieved, in which the entanglement depending on the effective optical detuning is present in a chosen direction but disappears in the other direction. Our work could be applied in the multi-task quantum information processing and construction of chiral quantum networks.
We propose a scheme to achieve nonreciprocal mechanical squeezing in a hybrid Kerr-modified cavity magnomechanical system, where the magnon mode is driven by two-tone microwave fields. The nonreciprocity originates from the magnon Kerr effect. Strong mechanical squeezing beyond the 3 dB limit can be nonreciprocally generated by adjusting the magnon frequency detuning, effective magnomechanical coupling strength, as well as the damping of the oscillator and the dissipation of the cavity. Importantly, the proposed scheme is robust against environmental thermal noise and system dissipation, ensuring its feasibility under current experimental conditions. This work may pave the way for the development of nonreciprocal quantum devices, such as isolators and circulators. Furthermore, the ability to achieve such robust mechanical squeezing has significant implications for advancing quantum precision measurements in metrology and sensing, offering new opportunities for exploring quantum-enhanced technologies.
Cavity magnomechanics has opened a new frontier in quantum electrodynamics, yielding several significant theoretical and experimental results. In this paper, we propose a different theoretical mechanism to achieve nonreciprocal macroscopic entanglement among magnons, photons, and phonons based on magnon squeezing. Specifically, reversing the squeezing phase, namely, θ → θ + π , reverses the frequency shift and the effective dissipation rate simultaneously, producing two experimentally distinct configurations that enable nonreciprocal entanglement. Indeed, in contrast to conventional approaches that control only frequency shifts, we show how precise control of the amplitude and phase of the squeezed mode allows us to obtain a tunable nonreciprocity of entanglement. The magnons resulting from the collective motion of the spin in a macroscopic ferrimagnet become coupled to the microwave photons via magnetic dipole interaction and to the phonons via magnetostrictive interaction. Moreover, we show that the proposed scheme achieves ideal nonreciprocity, which can be optimized by cavity-magnon coupling and bath temperature control. Finally, by using the parameters that are experimentally feasible with current technologies, this work provides promising perspectives for hybrid magnon-based quantum technologies.
We present a utilization of the magnon Kerr effect to generate nonreciprocal genuine microwave entanglement in a hybrid system consisting of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and three microwave cavities. Based on the quantum Langevin theory and linearization method under the condition of strong magnon driving, the system dynamics and covariance evolution are deduced and then applied to determinate the quantum correlations. It is found that three microwave cavities entangle with each other at the steady state. The basic root is that the Kerr nonlinearity can not only induce the enhanced parametric amplification of magnon but also cause the magnon frequency shift. Naturally, when the direction of the externally applied bias magnetic field is changed, switching of the magnon Kerr coefficient from positive to negative occurs and nonreciprocal tripartite entanglement among three microwave photons can be achieved. This may provide a fundamental resource for practical applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.