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arXiv:2412.19715 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Entanglement-driven energy exchange in a two-qubit quantum battery

Ahmed A. Zahia, Mahmoud Youssef Abd‐Rabbou, Ahmed M. Megahed

Published Mar 3, 2025• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the dynamics of quantum batteries (QBs), focusing on the pivotal role of quantum entanglement in mediating inter-cellular energy transfer within a two-cell configuration (two-qubit), wherein one cell is directly coupled to the charging source. Employing the Lindblad master equation to model the system’s evolution, the influence of coherent state amplitudes, detuning, inter-cellular coupling strength, and dissipation rates on stored energy, ergotropy, energy fluctuations, concurrence-quantified entanglement, and their parametric interrelations is scrutinized. Our results indicate a direct correlation between the entanglement qubits and the efficiency of energy transfer. In particular, stronger entanglement between the primary cell, which is connected to the charger, and the secondary cell leads to more energy transfer. Consequently, entanglement significantly improves energy transfer between the two qubits.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/adbc56

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Abstract This study investigates the dynamics of quantum batteries (QBs), focusing on the pivotal role of quantum entanglement in mediating inter-cellular energy transfer within a two-cell configuration (two-qubit), wherein one cell is directly coupled to the charging source. Employing the Lindblad master equation to model the system’s evolution, the influence of coherent state amplitudes, detuning, inter-cellular coupling strength, and dissipation rates on stored energy, ergotropy, energy fluctuations, concurrence-quantified entanglement, and their parametric interrelations is scrutinized. Our results indicate a direct correlation between the entanglement qubits and the efficiency of energy transfer. In particular, stronger entanglement between the primary cell, which is connected to the charger, and the secondary cell leads to more energy transfer. Consequently, entanglement significantly improves energy transfer between the two qubits.
This study investigates the dynamical behaviour of a two-cell (two-atom) quantum battery driven by a two-mode charging field. We explore the influence of varying interaction strengths on the system?s performance. This includes increasing the coupling between cells and charging fields, and cells themselves through a dipole interaction and Ising interaction along the z-axis. Additionally, the impact of environmental effects is examined by incorporating decay terms for both the charging fields and the cells. Our analysis focuses on key performance metrics such as stored energy, average power, ergotropy, energy fluctuations, and quantum speed limit time. The results reveal that the environment negatively impacts stored energy, power, and ergotropy, but leads to higher speed limits. Enhanced coupling between the charging fields and the cells improves the studied correlations, promoting efficient energy transfer and decreasing speed limit time. Increasing the coupling between the cells, either via the dipole or Ising interaction, generally exhibits a similar effect. This involves a decrease in maximum achievable energy storage, accompanied by the emergence of more erratic energy fluctuations.
Currently, remote energy transfer and immunity to dissipation are hot topics in quantum batteries (QBs). In this work, we propose a protocol to realize energy transfer between two remote atoms (a quantum charger and a quantum battery) each coupled to a separate optical cavity with the cavities connected by a fiber. The cavities and fiber are coupled to their individual baths. After optimizing inter-system couplings to achieve an efficient transfer, we uncover the effect of suppressing dissipation by introducing parity deformation of the cavities fields. We also prove that the charger-battery entanglement is a consumable resource for energy storage: it is initially stored until the charger and battery reach energy balance, and then subsequently consumed to maintain the increase in energy stored in the battery. The present scheme is the first execution of energy transfer to a distant battery assisted by entanglement, which may help better understand quantum thermodynamics and open new possibilities toward harnessing decoherence as a resource to improve the charging performance of QBs.
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Abstract Quantum batteries harness quantum coherence and entanglement to achieve efficient energy storage beyond classical limits. This study presents a comparative analysis of series and parallel charging protocols, evaluating their impact on charging efficiency, stability, and dissipation. Using the Lindblad master equation, we investigate the effects of multi-photon interactions, cavity decay, atomic relaxation, and thermal fluctuations on the evolution of key physical quantities, including stored energy, ergotropy, and entropy of the charger. Our findings reveal that parallel charging exhibits superior stability, reduced entropy fluctuations, and higher ergotropy, while series charging suffers from increased dissipation and oscillatory instabilities. These insights contribute to the development of high-performance quantum energy storage systems for advanced quantum technologies.
This paper discusses the evolving dynamics of a quantum battery (QB) model consisting of two qubits interacting with a cavity field via multi-photon transitions. Employing the Lindblad master equation to account for dissipative effects, we investigated energy charging, charging power, ergotropy, and energy fluctuations to ascertain optimal conditions for efficient energy storage and extraction. Our results elucidate that lower photon numbers and moderate coherent state result in higher energy peaks and more stable storage. The charging power underscores the significance of maximizing initial energy transfer rates while mitigating rapid power decay. Ergotropy, representing the maximum extractable energy, is highly sensitive to dissipation rates, with elevated photon numbers enhancing charging efficiency but reducing stability. Energy fluctuation reveals that systems with higher photon numbers exhibit greater instability, emphasizing the necessity for controlling dissipation to preserve energy stability.
We investigate a series of two-mode quantum batteries (QBs) which exhibits better performance in both the stored energy and average charging power compared to the two-photon case. In both the model related to coupling strength and Raman cases, we find the QBs can store energy faster and have a higher efficiency than the original case. Among the derived models we have studied, the two-mode Raman QB dependent on coupling strength has the best performance. We also present the relationship between the ergotropy and battery-charger entanglement of incoherent QBs and define the resource utilization efficiency k(t)k(t)k(t) and kins(t){k}^{\mathrm{ins}}(t)kins(t). We find that entanglement in the energy-extraction stage is a key resource. In addition, we consider a collection of two-level systems embedded in a two-mode microwave cavity with counterrotating terms, which shows that the counterrotating terms lead to a higher stored energy in the ultrastrong-coupling regime.