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arXiv:2412.14440

Dual atom (87Rb-133Cs) grating magneto-optical trap

Lei Xu, Muming Li, Zhilong Yu, Zheyu Liu, Junyi Duan, Fang Wang, Feng Zhao, Xiaochi Liu

Published Dec 19, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This paper proposes a dual-color grating chip design method for simultaneously capturing dual atomic clouds (87Rb and 133Cs). By simulating key parameters such as the grating period, etching depth, duty cycle, coating material, and thickness, the optimal design parameters were determined to ensure efficient dual-wavelength diffraction and maximize the number of captured atoms. Experimental results demonstrate the simultaneous trapping of 1.6E8 87Rb atoms and 7.8E6 133Cs atoms, thereby offering an approach for multi-species cold atom systems. This dual-species grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) system has potential applications in precision measurements such as cold atom clocks, quantum interferometers, and quantum electrometry.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2412.14440

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Chinese Physics B•Mar 18, 2025•1 citation
This paper proposes a dual-color grating chip design method for simultaneously capturing dual atomic clouds (87Rb and 133Cs). By simulating key parameters such as the grating period, etching depth, duty cycle, coating material, and thickness, the optimal design parameters were determined to ensure efficient dual-wavelength diffraction and maximize the number of captured atoms. Experimental results demonstrate the simultaneous trapping of 1.6E8 87Rb atoms and 7.8E6 133Cs atoms, thereby offering an approach for multi-species cold atom systems. This dual-species grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) system has potential applications in precision measurements such as cold atom clocks, quantum interferometers, and quantum electrometry.
This paper proposes a dual-color grating chip design method for simultaneously capturing dual atomic clouds ( 87 Rb and 133 Cs). By simulating key parameters such as the grating period, etching depth, duty cycle, coating material, and thickness, the optimal design parameters were determined ( T = 210 nm, r = 0.5, h 0 = 100 nm, d = 1150 nm) to ensure efficient dual-wavelength diffraction and maximize the number of captured atoms. Experimental results demonstrate the simultaneous trapping of 1.6 × 10 8 87 Rb atoms and 7.8 × 10 6 133 Cs atoms, thereby offering an approach for multi-species cold atom systems. This dual-species grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) system has potential applications in precision measurements such as cold atom clocks, quantum interferometers, and quantum electrometry.
Compared with the conventional three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT), the grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) enables the cooling and trapping of atoms with only a single beam of light, thereby significantly reducing the overall volume of the device. Here, a grating chip with high diffraction efficiency is designed, and its parameters are optimized through simulations, which effectively suppresses the power of the zero-order diffracted light. Subsequently, the grating chip is fabricated and characterized, and using this chip, we successfully trap 1.7×106 atoms. The temperatures of the atomic cloud in the axial and radial directions are 5.6 mK and 17.0 mK, respectively. The successful implementation of the atom cooling and trapping experiment based on the diffraction grating provides important reference for the miniaturization of cold atom-based quantum sensors.
Grating magneto-optical traps are an enabling quantum technology for portable metrological devices with ultracold atoms. However, beam diffraction efficiency and angle are affected by wavelength, creating a single-optic design challenge for laser cooling in two stages at two distinct wavelengths - as commonly used for loading, e.g., Sr or Yb atoms into optical lattice or tweezer clocks. Here, we optically characterize a wide variety of binary gratings at different wavelengths to find a simple empirical fit to experimental grating diffraction efficiency data in terms of dimensionless etch depth and period for various duty cycles. The model avoids complex 3D light-grating surface calculations, yet still yields results accurate to a few percent across a broad range of parameters. Gratings optimized for two (or more) wavelengths can now be designed in an informed manner suitable for a wide class of atomic species enabling advanced quantum technologies.
Grating-based structures have recently been used as components of magneto-optical traps (MOT) to simplify the setup for trapping Rb atoms. Here, we design diffractive chips to trap more than one atom species. Our full-wave simulations show that a two-dimensional (2D) grating chip can simultaneously have high force-balancing efficiency for a wavelength of 780 nm for trapping Rb atoms and a wavelength of 852 nm for Cs atoms. We fabricated and characterized a mm-scale grating chip using electron-beam lithography, and are in the process of trapping experiments. Our work opens the door to compact multi-species MOTs.
Grating magneto-optical traps are an enabling quantum technology for portable metrological devices with ultracold atoms. However, beam diffraction efficiency and angle are affected by wavelength, creating a single-optic design challenge for laser cooling in two stages at two distinct wavelengths – as commonly used for loading, e.g., Sr or Yb atoms into optical lattice or tweezer clocks. Here, we optically characterize a wide variety of binary gratings at different wavelengths to find a simple empirical fit to experimental grating diffraction efficiency data in terms of dimensionless etch depth and period for various duty cycles. The model avoids complex 3D light-grating surface calculations, yet still yields results accurate to a few percent across a broad range of parameters. Gratings optimized for two (or more) wavelengths can now be designed in an informed manner suitable for a wide class of atomic species enabling advanced quantum technologies.
Abstract We describe a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) capable of simultaneously capturing 85Rb and 133Cs atoms. Unlike conventional setups, our system utilizes two separate laser systems that are combined before entering the vacuum chamber, enabling the simultaneous trapping of two different atomic species. We trapped 85Rb and 133Cs atoms using relatively low total power: 8 mW cooling and 4 mW repump for 85Rb, and 7.5 mW cooling and 1.5 mW repump for 133Cs. The number of trapped atoms was 1.6 × 108 for 85Rb and 1.4 × 108 for 133Cs. The optical depths were 3.71 for 85Rb and 3.45 for 133Cs. The temperature of trapped atoms was ∼200 μK for 85Rb and ∼200 μK for 133Cs. Our 3D MOT setup allows full horizontal optical access to the trapped atomic ensembles without spatial interference from the trapping or repump laser beams. Our vacuum system is also quite simple, avoiding much of the complexity typically encountered in similar dual-species systems. However, the red detuning of the cooling laser used for atomic trapping in our system is relatively small, leaving room for further optimization. This system offers a versatile platform for exploring complex phenomena in ultracold atom physics, such as Rydberg molecule formation and interspecies interactions.