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arXiv:2412.09373 · Physical Review A

Tunable ultrahigh broadband reflection via collective atom-atom interaction in a waveguide-QED system

Xin Wang, Junjun He, Zeyang Liao, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Jan 7, 2025• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a scheme for achieving broadband complete reflection by constructing photonic band gap via collective atom-atom interaction in a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. Moreover, we propose several strategies to further expand the ultrahigh-reflection windows, including increasing the number of atoms with separations near the Bragg distance and inducing gradient frequency modulation among the atoms. The center frequency and bandwidth of the ultrahigh-reflection window are dynamically adjustable by applying external electromagnetic field. The results here can enrich the many-body physics of the waveguide-QED system and offer a pathway for achieving broadened ultrahigh reflection in a controllable way, which can find important applications in the realms of chip-integrated band filter, quantum storage, optical switching, and wavelength-selective devices.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.013706

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We present a scheme for achieving broadband complete reflection by constructing photonic band gap via collective atom-atom interaction in a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. Moreover, we propose several strategies to further expand the ultrahigh-reflection windows, including increasing the number of atoms with separations near the Bragg distance and inducing gradient frequency modulation among the atoms. The center frequency and bandwidth of the ultrahigh-reflection window are dynamically adjustable by applying external electromagnetic field. The results here can enrich the many-body physics of the waveguide-QED system and offer a pathway for achieving broadened ultrahigh reflection in a controllable way, which can find important applications in the realms of chip-integrated band filter, quantum storage, optical switching, and wavelength-selective devices.
We study the dynamics of a single-photon pulse traveling through a linear atomic chain coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) single mode photonic waveguide. We derive a time-dependent dynamical theory for this collective many-body system which allows us to study the real time evolution of the photon transport and the atomic excitations. Our analytical result is consistent with previous numerical calculations when there is only one atom. For an atomic chain, the collective interaction between the atoms mediated by the waveguide mode can significantly change the dynamics of the system. The reflectivity of a photon can be tuned by changing the ratio of coupling strength and the photon linewidth or by changing the number of atoms in the chain. The reflectivity of a single-photon pulse with finite bandwidth can even approach 100100%100. The spectrum of the reflected and transmitted photon can also be significantly different from the single-atom case. Many interesting physical phenomena can occur in this system such as the photonic band-gap effects, quantum entanglement generation, Fano-like interference, and superradiant effects. For engineering, this system may serve as a single-photon frequency filter, single-photon modulation, and may find important applications in quantum information.
We theoretically investigate single-photon coherent transport through a finite waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) array with spatially modulated emitter-waveguide couplings. By combining exact scattering calculations with spectral factorization and a semiclassical WKB analysis, we identify how the coupling profile controls the reflection bandwidth and its finite-size dependence. A Gaussian transverse displacement produces an exponential-of-Gaussian decay-rate profile that broadens the high-reflectivity window and suppresses the boundary-induced Fabry-Perot oscillations compared with a uniform array. The transmission zeros remain exactly degenerate at the atomic resonance for arbitrary positive coupling profiles at non-Bragg spacings. In contrast, the collective poles reorganize under the spatial modulation, redistributing their radiative widths and preventing individual subradiant resonances from terminating the reflection window. We further derive an algebraic 1/N scaling law for the contraction of the bandwidth toward its bulk value. The bulk bandwidth is determined by the largest local decay rate, whereas the finite-size correction increases as the profile becomes sharper, leading to an optimal profile width. These results establish spatial coupling engineering as a practical tool for designing broadband atomic mirrors in atom-nanofiber and circuit-QED platforms.
A many-body quantum system which consists of collective quantum states, such as superradiant and subradiant states, behaves as a multi-level superatom in light-matter interaction. In this work, we experimentally study one-dimensional superatoms in waveguide quantum electrodynamics with a periodic array of superconducting artificial atoms. We engineer the periodic atomic array with two distinct nearest-neighbor spacings, i.e., ddd=λ0/2λ_0/2λ0​/2 and ddd=λ0/4λ_0/4λ0​/4, which correspond to Bragg and anti-Bragg scattering conditions, respectively. The system consists of eight atoms arranged to maintain these specific interatomic distances. By controlling atomic frequencies, we modify Bragg and anti-Bragg superatoms, resulting in distinctly different quantum optical phenomena, such as collectively induced transparency and a broad photonic bandgap. Moreover, due to strong waveguide-atom couplings in superconducting quantum circuits, efficient light manipulations are realized in small-size systems. Our work demonstrates tunable optical properties of Bragg and anti-Bragg superatoms, as well as their potential applications in quantum devices.
Abstract Collective quantum states, such as subradiant and superradiant states, are useful for controlling optical responses in many-body quantum systems. In this work, we study novel collective quantum phenomena in waveguide-coupled Bragg atom arrays with inhomogeneous frequencies. For atoms without free-space dissipation, collectively induced transparency is produced by destructive quantum interference between subradiant and superradiant states. In a large Bragg atom array, multi-frequency photon transparency can be obtained by considering atoms with different frequencies. Interestingly, we find collectively induced absorption (CIA) by studying the influence of free-space dissipation on photon transport. Tunable atomic frequencies nontrivially modify decay rates of subradiant states. When the decay rate of a subradiant state equals to the free-space dissipation, photon absorption can reach a limit at a certain frequency. In other words, photon absorption is enhanced with low free-space dissipation, distinct from previous photon detection schemes. We also show multi-frequency CIA by properly adjusting atomic frequencies. Our work presents a way to manipulate collective quantum states and exotic optical properties in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems.
We investigate the generation and engineering of photonic band gaps in waveguide quantum electrodynamics systems containing periodically arranged atom polymers. We first consider the configuration of a dimer array coupled to a waveguide. The results show that if the intra- and intercell phase delays are properly designed, the center and the width of the band gaps, as well as the dispersion relation of the passbands, can be modified by adjusting the intracell coupling strength. These manipulations provide ways to control the propagating modes in the waveguide, leading to some interesting effects such as slowing or even stopping a single-photon pulse. Finally, we take the case of the tetramer chain as an example to show that, in the case of a larger number of atoms in each unit cell, tunable multigap structures and more sophisticated band-gap engineering can be realized. Our proposal provides efficient ways for photonic band-gap engineering in micro- and nanoquantum systems, which may facilitate the manipulation of photon transport in future quantum networks.
Subwavelength atomic arrays offer a powerful platform for engineering cooperative light-matter interactions and enabling quantum metasurfaces. We demonstrate that a two-dimensional array of three-level atoms operating under electromagnetically induced transparency can function as a tunable dual-band atomic mirror, where two independently controllable reflection bands emerge from the collective optical responses mediated by dipole-dipole interactions. These resonances yield dual reflection bands with asymmetric linewidths, whose spectral positions and bandwidths can be tuned through the control-field parameters, dipole orientation, incident geometry, and lattice constant. We further identify the conditions under which additional diffraction orders emerge, which delineate the operational and tunable range of the atomic mirror via its collective-mode structure. This scheme provides a fully tunable dual-band atomic mirror operating across broad frequency and angular ranges, offering a practical and experimentally accessible pathway toward reconfigurable photonic elements in atomic-array platforms at low energy levels.