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arXiv:2411.02968 · Physical Review A

Macroscopic quantum teleportation with ensembles of qubits

Manish Chaudhary, Zhiyuan Lin, Shuang long Li, Mohan Zhang, Yuping Mao, Valentin Ivannikov, Tim Byrnes

Published Apr 16, 2025• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop methods for performing quantum teleportation of the total spin variables of an unknown state, using quantum nondemolition measurements, spin projection measurements, and classical communication. While, theoretically, teleportation of high-dimensional states can be attained with the assumption of generalized Bell measurements, this is typically experimentally nontrivial to implement. We introduce two protocols and show that on average, the teleportation succeeds in teleporting the spin variables of a spin coherent state with average zero angular error in the ideal case, beating classical strategies based on quantum state estimation. In a single run of the teleportation, there is an angular error at the level of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ radians for large ensembles. A potential physical implementation for the scheme is with atomic ensembles and quantum nondemolition measurements performed with light. We analyze the decoherence of the protocols and find that the protocol is robust even in the limit of large ensemble sizes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.042421

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We develop methods for performing quantum teleportation of the total spin variables of an unknown state, using quantum nondemolition measurements, spin projection measurements, and classical communication. While, theoretically, teleportation of high-dimensional states can be attained with the assumption of generalized Bell measurements, this is typically experimentally nontrivial to implement. We introduce two protocols and show that on average, the teleportation succeeds in teleporting the spin variables of a spin coherent state with average zero angular error in the ideal case, beating classical strategies based on quantum state estimation. In a single run of the teleportation, there is an angular error at the level of \ensuremath∼0.1\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\ensuremath∼0.1 radians for large ensembles. A potential physical implementation for the scheme is with atomic ensembles and quantum nondemolition measurements performed with light. We analyze the decoherence of the protocols and find that the protocol is robust even in the limit of large ensemble sizes.
Quantum teleportation is one of the most enigmatic protocols realized so far in the area of quantum information, allowing for the transfer of quantum information assisted by an entangled state. It was a subject of science fiction 20 years ago, but now is a fundamental experimental protocol and quantum primitive for quantum information processing tasks. There have been many successful realizations of teleportation ranging from those using photons, atoms, and hybrid systems and long-range teleportation beyond 100km has already been achieved multiple times. These however typically involve explicitly single particle systems or effective few-particle systems. For larger (visible to the naked eye) objects involving many particles, teleportation is typically more difficult due to the fast decoherence such macroscopic objects suffer. In this case, the entanglement disappears almost as soon as it is created, making it useless for such tasks. More recently, teleportation was accomplished in the continuous variables (CV) framework between two atomic ensembles [1]. As remarkable as these achievements are, teleportation schemes that are known today (qubit/CV) do not allow us to teleport more complex quantum states at the macroscopic level. For example, while it is possible in principle to extend teleportation to multiple qubits, on a macroscopic level this is prohibitively complicated and highly susceptible to decoherence. For atomic ensemble CV based schemes, the teleported states are restricted to small displacements from the completely Sx-polarized state on the Bloch sphere.
We introduce a quantum teleportation scheme that transfers a spin coherent state between two locations using entanglement. In the scheme an unknown spin coherent state lying on the equator of the Bloch sphere, such as realized in a coherent two-component Bose–Einstein condensate, is teleported onto a distant spin coherent state using only elementary operations and measurements. The scheme works in the regime beyond the standard continuous variables approximation based on the Holstein–Primakoff transformation. We analyze the error of the protocol with the number of particles N in the spin coherent state under decoherence and find that it scales favorably with N . The simplicity of the operations involved and the robustness under decoherence should make the protocol suitable under realistic experimental conditions.
Quantum teleportation is the transfer of quantum information between two locations by the use of shared entanglement. Current teleportation schemes broadly fall under one of two categories, either qubit or continuous-variable teleportation. Spin coherent states on spin ensembles can be teleported under the continuous-variable approximation for states with small deviations from a given polarization. However, for spin-coherent states with large deviations, no convenient teleportation protocol exists. Recently, we introduced a teleportation scheme where a spin-coherent state lying on the equator of the Bloch sphere is teleported between distant parties [A. N. Pyrkov and T. Byrnes, New J. Phys. 16, 073038 (2014)]. Here we generalize the protocol to a spin-coherent state with an arbitrary position on the Bloch sphere. Our proposed scheme breaks classical bounds based on communication in the unconditional case and quantum state estimation with postselection.
Quantum teleportation is a fundamental ingredient for quantum information science and technology. In particular, the ability to perform quantum teleportation between quantum systems with different natures and encoding types is crucial for building complex systems, such as a distributed quantum internet. Here we propose a scheme to teleport a continuous-variable optical qubit, encoded in an optical qumode by means of a superposed coherent state, onto a discrete-variable solid-state qubit, associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy-center spin in diamond, via hybrid entanglement. By using a newly developed method for Bell-state measurement which relies only on light homodyne detection and spin-polarization measurement, near-deterministic and -perfect quantum teleportation can be achieved for large coherent-state amplitude input. Taking noise effects into account, we find that the average teleportation fidelity can still exceed the classical limit, enabling substantial teleportation distances under realistic experimental conditions.
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This paper proposes a novel quantum teleportation protocol leveraging multi-variable quantum entanglement. The core of the protocol relies on the strong correlations inherent in multi-dimensional entangled states to achieve high-efficiency and secure quantum teleportation. We demonstrate a framework for constructing such a protocol and analyze its potential advantages over traditional approaches. The key contribution lies in expanding the theoretical foundation of quantum teleportation, offering a new strategy for quantum communication and information processing. The protocol utilizes a series of Bell state measurements and classical communication to transfer the quantum state from one location to another, relying heavily on pre-shared multi-variable entangled pairs. We outline the mathematical formalism underpinning the protocol, including the description of the entangled states, the Bell state measurements, and the necessary classical information exchange. The protocol aims to enhance the transmission efficiency and bolster the security of quantum teleportation by exploiting the complexity and robustness afforded by multi-variable entanglement.