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arXiv:2410.17048 · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

Security Enhancement of Quantum Communication in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

Yixiao Zhang, Wei Yan Liang, Lixin Li, Wensheng Lin

Published Dec 8, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This paper investigates a transmission scheme for enhancing quantum communication security, aimed at improving the security of space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN). Quantum teleportation achieves the transmission of quantum states through quantum channels. In simple terms, an unknown quantum state at one location can be reconstructed on a particle at another location. By combining classical Turbo coding with quantum Shor error-correcting codes, we propose a practical solution that ensures secure information transmission even in the presence of errors in both classical and quantum channels. To provide absolute security under SAGIN, we add a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol to the current system. Specifically, by accounting for the practical scenario of eavesdropping in quantum channels, the QSDC protocol utilizes virtual entangled pairs to detect the presence of eavesdroppers. Consequently, the overall scheme guarantees both the reliability and absolute security of communication.

DOI
10.1109/gcwkshp64532.2024.11100687

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This paper investigates a transmission scheme for enhancing quantum communication security, aimed at improving the security of space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN). Quantum teleportation achieves the transmission of quantum states through quantum channels. In simple terms, an unknown quantum state at one location can be reconstructed on a particle at another location. By combining classical Turbo coding with quantum Shor error-correcting codes, we propose a practical solution that ensures secure information transmission even in the presence of errors in both classical and quantum channels. To provide absolute security under SAGIN, we add a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol to the current system. Specifically, by accounting for the practical scenario of eavesdropping in quantum channels, the QSDC protocol utilizes virtual entangled pairs to detect the presence of eavesdroppers. Consequently, the overall scheme guarantees both the reliability and absolute security of communication.
In the upcoming 6G era, existing ground networks have evolved toward space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN), providing ultra-high data rates, seamless network coverage, and ubiquitous intelligence for communications of applications and services. However, conventional communications in SAGIN still face data confidentiality issues. Fortunately, the concept of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) over SAGIN is able to provide information-theoretic security for secure communications in SAGIN with quantum cryptography. Therefore, in this article, we propose quantum-secured SAGIN (Q-SAGIN) which are feasible to achieve proven secure communications using quantum mechanics to protect data channels between space, aerial, and ground nodes. Moreover, we propose a universal QKD service provisioning framework to minimize the cost of QKD services under the uncertainty and dynamics of communications in Q-SAGIN. In this framework, fiber-based QKD services are deployed in passive optical networks with the advantages of low loss and high stability. Moreover, the widely covered and flexible satellite-and UAV-based QKD services are provisioned as a supplement during the real-time data transmission phase. Finally, to examine the effectiveness of the proposed concept and framework, a case study of Q-SAGIN in the Metaverse is conducted where uncertain and dynamic factors of the secure communications in Metaverse applications are effectively resolved in the proposed framework.
In this paper we present a novel secure quantum turbo coded (QTC) superdense (SD) coding scheme. We have integrated SD with QTC to benefit from the inherent near optimum performance of turbo codes. We have further incorporated the quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol within the proposed QTC-SD system for the sake of ensuring absolute security. Explicitly, the QSDC protocol exploits dummy entangled pairs for detecting the presence of eavesdropper. Hence, the proposed scheme ensures absolute security, detects the presence of an eavesdropper and considers practical issues when error is induced in a quantum depolarizing channel. Furthermore, we have experimentally determined the noise threshold levels for the proposed QTC-SD system to detect the presence of an eavesdropper.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables the message sender to directly transmit messages to the message receiver through quantum channel without keys. Environmental noise is the main obstacle for QSDC's practicality. For enhancing QSDC's noise robustness, we introduce the quantum error correction (QEC) code into QSDC and propose the QSDC protocol based on the redundancy code. This QSDC protocol correlates atomic state with the electron–photon entangled pairs and transmits photons in quantum channels for two rounds. The parties can construct the remote atomic logical entanglement channel and decode messages with the heralded photonic Bell state measurement (BSM) and single electron measurement. This QSDC protocol is unconditionally secure in theory and has some advantages. First, benefiting from the heralded photonic BSM, it can eliminate the influence from photon transmission loss and has the potential to realize long-distance secure message transmission. Second, taking use of the error correction function of the repetition code, the error rate caused by the decoherence during the second round of photon transmission can be reduced, which can reduce the message error and increase the secret message capacity. Third, the whole protocol is feasible under current experimental condition. Our QSDC protocol can be extended to use other stronger QEC code. It provides a promising method to promote QSDC's practicality in the future.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a method of communication that transmits secret information directly through a quantum channel. This paper proposes a two-step QSDC scheme based on intermediate-basis, in which the intermediate-basis Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs can assist to detect channel security and help encode information. Specifically, the intermediate-basis EPR pairs reduce the probability of Eve choosing the correct measurement basis in the first step, enhancing the security of the system. Moreover, they encode information together with information EPR pairs to improve the transmission efficiency in the second step. We consider the security of the protocol under coherent attack when Eve takes different dimensions of the auxiliary system. The simulation results show that intermediate-basis EPR pairs can lower the upper limit of the amount of information that Eve can steal in both attack scenarios. Therefore, the proposed protocol can ensure that the legitimate parties get more confidential information and improve the transmission efficiency.
This paper presents the design of a communication protocol leveraging quantum error-correcting codes to enhance the reliability of quantum communication. The core idea revolves around encoding quantum information using a specific quantum error-correcting code and subsequently transmitting this encoded information. During transmission, the protocol employs error detection and correction techniques based on the chosen code to mitigate the detrimental effects of noise and decoherence, which are inherent challenges in quantum communication. The proposed protocol aims to significantly improve the robustness of quantum communication channels, a critical step towards realizing practical quantum networks and secure quantum key distribution. The theoretical framework and mathematical formulation of the protocol are presented, detailing the encoding process, error detection, and correction mechanisms. This work contributes to the growing field of quantum communication by providing a concrete design methodology for building more reliable quantum communication systems.
Quantum teleportation allows an unknown arbitrary quantum state to be transmitted between two separate locations. To achieve this, the system requires both classical and quantum channels, for communicating two classical bits and an entangled quantum bit from the transmitter to the receiver. It is commonly assumed that both channels are error‐free, however, under realistic conditions, this is unlikely to be the case. This study proposed and investigated a secure and reliable quantum teleportation scheme when both classical and quantum channels exhibit errors. It was found that the security and reliability of the teleportation could be improved when powerful turbo codes are employed.