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arXiv:2410.11039 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Squeezing via self-induced transparency in mercury-filled photonic crystal fibers

Mojdeh S. Najafabadi, Joel Frederick Corney, Luis Lorenzo Sánchez-Soto, Nicolas Y. Joly, Gerd Leuchs

Published Jan 28, 2025• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the squeezing of ultrashort pulses using self-induced transparency in a mercury-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Our focus is on quadrature squeezing at low mercury vapor pressures, with atoms near resonance on the 3 D 3 →6 3 P 2 transition. We vary the atomic density, and thus the gas pressure (from 2.72 to 15.7 µbar), by adjusting the temperature (from 273 to 303 K). Our results show that achieving squeezing at room temperature, considering both fermionic and bosonic mercury isotopes, requires ultrashort femtosecond pulses. We also determine the optimal detection length for squeezing at different pressures and temperatures.

DOI
10.1364/josab.545022

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Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text U. Vogl, F. Sedlmeir, N. Y. Joly, C. Marquardt, and G. Leuchs, "Generation of non-classical light via self-induced transparency in mercury-filled hollow core photonic crystal fibers," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper FW5F.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2016•1 citation
We investigate the squeezing of ultrashort pulses using self-induced transparency in a mercury-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Our focus is on quadrature squeezing at low mercury vapor pressures, with atoms near resonance on the 3 D 3 →6 3 P 2 transition. We vary the atomic density, and thus the gas pressure (from 2.72 to 15.7 µbar), by adjusting the temperature (from 273 to 303 K). Our results show that achieving squeezing at room temperature, considering both fermionic and bosonic mercury isotopes, requires ultrashort femtosecond pulses. We also determine the optimal detection length for squeezing at different pressures and temperatures.
We demonstrate high atomic mercury vapor pressure in a kagomé-style hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at room temperature. After a few days of exposure to mercury vapor the fiber is homogeneously filled and the optical depth achieved remains constant. With incoherent optical pumping from the ground state we achieve an optical depth of 114 at the 6(3)P(2) - 6(3)D(3) transition, corresponding to an atomic mercury number density of 6 × 10(10) cm(-3). The use of mercury vapor in quasi one-dimensional confinement may be advantageous compared to chemically more active alkali vapor, while offering strong optical nonlinearities in the ultraviolet region of the optical spectrum.
There is great interest in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) because of their potential for hosting highly nonlinear material. Already with material of low nonlinearity such as silica for solid core PCFs, the nonlinear properties can be utilized since high intensities of light are guided within the core. To create squeezed states, we plan to exploit the high nonlinearity of resonant Rb vapor filled in the hollow fiber core and to use self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons to avoid resonant loss. High nonlinearity is induced from the self-phase modulation of a detuned 2pi soliton. Photon-phonon interactions, which cause a significant amount of excess noise in solid core fibers, will be highly reduced in our system.
Non-classical states of light, such as squeezed states, enable a wide variety of scientific and engineering applications in optical communication, precision measurements and quantum computing. Therefore, engineering non-classical states of light in different systems for different purposes is interesting and appealing. Non-classical states of light, particularly squeezed states, can be generated from light in a coherent state or vacuum state by using certain optical nonlinear interactions. To efficiently introduce such optical nonlinear interactions, a high nonlinear coefficient of the medium and high intensity of light in the medium are the key factors, where the hollow core photonic crystal fibers filled with atomic vapor shows their great benefits. In this thesis, we report on our approach to apply hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HCPCFs) with the goal to generate squeezed states using strong optical nonlinearities of atomic vapor. In a HCPCF, light with high intensity has a well confined mode over long distances along the fiber. To apply the HCPCF in squeezed state generation, we experimentally investigated unexpected noise properties of the HCPCF and determined the parameter range to reduce excess noise from the fiber. Furthermore, we have filled the hollow core of a piece of HCPCF with rubidium vapor, which provides a high nonlinearity when the confined light is on resonance with the rubidium dipole transition. Fundamentally, our planned approach relies on self induced transparency (SIT), which offers high nonlinearity and absorption-free propagation at the same time. We have theoretically investigated SIT solitons in rubidium vapor to analyze the required parameters to achieve SIT solitons in our rubidium filled HCPCF. The experimental and theoretical approach presented in this thesis suggests an efficient method for generating squeezed light.
Low-pressure acetylene in the hollow-core photonic crystal structure fibers is an excellent medium for the room-temperature investigation of the coherent quantum effects in communication wavelength region. Pulsed excitation enables observation of new coherent phenomena like optical nutation or photon echo and evaluation of important temporal characteristics of the light-molecule interactions. We also report original experimental results on the pulsed excitation of the electromagnetically induced transparency in co- and counter-propagation configurations.
Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text U. Vogl, F. Sedlmeir, N. Y. Joly, C. Marquardt, and G. Leuchs, "Generation of non-classical light via self-induced transparency in mercury-filled hollow core photonic crystal fibers," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper FW5F.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article