Abstract A formulation of quantum mechanics based on replacing the general unitary group by finite groups is considered. To solve problems arising in the context of this formulation, we use computer algebra and computational group theory methods.
Quantum-mechanical concepts can be formulated in constructive finite terms without loss of their empirical content if we replace a general unitary group by a unitary representation of a finite group. Any linear representation of a finite group can be realized as a subrepresentation of a permutation representation. Thus, quantum-mechanical problems can be expressed in terms of permutation groups. This approach allows us to clarify the meaning of a number of physical concepts. Combining methods of computational group theory with Monte Carlo simulation we study a model based on representations of permutation groups.
We consider a constructive modification of quantum-mechanical formalism. Replacement of a general unitary group by unitary representations of finite groups makes it possible to reproduce quantum formalism without loss of its empirical content. Since any linear representation of a finite group can be implemented as a subrepresentation of a permutation representation, quantum-mechanical problems can be formulated in terms of permutation groups. Reproducing quantum behavior in the framework of permutation representations of finite groups makes it possible to clarify the meaning of a number of physical concepts.
Mathematical core of quantum mechanics is the theory of unitary representations of symmetries of physical systems. We argue that quantum behavior is a natural result of extraction of "observable" information about systems containing "unobservable" elements in their descriptions. Since our aim is physics where the choice between finite and infinite descriptions can not have any empirical consequences, we consider the problem in the finite background. Besides, there are many indications from observations - from the lepton mixing data, for example - that finite groups underly phenomena in particle physics at the deep level. The "finite" approach allows to reduce any quantum dynamics to the simple permutation dynamics, and thus to express quantum observables in terms of permutation invariants of symmetry groups and their integer characteristics such as sizes of conjugate classes, sizes of group orbits, class coefficients, dimensions of representations. Our study has been accompanied by computations with finite groups, their representations and invariants. We have used both our C implementation of algorithms for working with groups and computer algebra system GAP.