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arXiv:2408.03791 · Laser & Photonics Review

Microwave‐Optics Entanglement via Coupled Opto‐ and Magnomechanical Microspheres

Haotian Li, Zhiyuan Fan, Huai-Bing Zhu, Simon Gröblacher, Jie Li

Published Dec 31, 2024• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Microwave‐optics entanglement plays a crucial role in building hybrid quantum networks with quantum nodes working in the microwave and optical frequency bands. However, there are limited efficient ways to produce such entanglement due to the large frequency mismatch between the two regimes. Here, a new mechanism is presented to prepare microwave‐optics entanglement based on a hybrid system of two coupled opto‐ and magnomechanical microspheres, i.e., an yttrium‐iron‐garnet (YIG) sphere and a silica sphere. The YIG sphere holds a magnon mode and a vibration mode induced by magnetostriction, while the silica sphere supports an optical whispering‐gallery mode and a mechanical mode coupled via an optomechanical interaction. The two mechanical modes are close in frequency and directly coupled via physical contact of the two microspheres. It is shown that by simultaneously activating the magnomechanical (optomechanical) Stokes (anti‐Stokes) scattering, stationary entanglement can be established between the magnon and optical modes via mechanics‐mechanics coupling. This leads to stationary microwave‐optics entanglement by further coupling the YIG sphere to a microwave cavity and utilizing the magnon‐microwave state swapping. The protocol is within reach of current technology and may become a promising new approach for preparing microwave‐optics entanglement, which finds unique applications in hybrid quantum networks and quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems.

DOI
10.1002/lpor.202401348

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Abstract It is shown how to generate stationary entanglement between light and microwave in a hybrid opto‐electro‐magnonical system which mainly consists of a microwave cavity, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, and a nanofiber. The optical modes in nanofiber can evanescently be coupled to whispering gallery modes, that are able to interact with magnon mode via spin–orbit interaction, in YIG sphere, while the microwave cavity photons and magnons are coupled through magnetic dipole interaction simultaneously. Under reasonable parameter regimes, pretty amount of entanglement can be generated, and it also shows persistence against temperature. The present work is expected to provide a new perspective for building more advanced and comprehensive quantum networks along with magnons for fast‐developing quantum technologies and for studying the macroscopic quantum phenomena.
Abstract Microwave‐optics entanglement is a vital component for building hybrid quantum networks. Here, a new mechanism for preparing stationary entanglement between microwave and optical cavity fields in a cavity optomagnomechanical system is proposed. It consists of a magnon mode in a ferrimagnetic crystal that couples directly to a microwave cavity mode via the magnetic dipole interaction and indirectly to an optical cavity through the deformation displacement of the crystal. The mechanical displacement is induced by the magnetostrictive force and coupled to the optical cavity via radiation pressure. Both the opto‐ and magnomechanical couplings are dispersive. Magnon–phonon entanglement is created via magnomechanical parametric down‐conversion, which is further distributed to optical and microwave photons via simultaneous optomechanical beamsplitter interaction and electromagnonic state‐swap interaction, yielding stationary microwave‐optics entanglement. The microwave‐optics entanglement is robust against thermal noise, which will find broad potential applications in quantum networks and quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems.
ABSTRACT We study a dissipative opto‐magnomechanical system implemented using a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, which supports a magnon mode and two optical whispering‐gallery modes coupled via magnon‐induced Brillouin scattering. Besides, another mechanical mode is considered, which interacts with the optical and magnon modes through radiation pressure and magnetostriction, respectively. This hybrid system is under combined optical driving for the optical modes and microwave driving for the magnon mode and the amplitude of the microwave field is periodically modulated. We apply different parametric approximations by strongly driving one of the optical modes for preparing squeezing and entangled states, respectively. When the classical driving fields are red‐detuned, strong mechanical squeezing beyond the 3‐dB limit is achieved, along with simultaneous squeezing of all three modes. In addition, when the microwave field is red‐detuned and the optical laser is blue‐detuned, significant bipartite and tripartite entanglement is generated. These quantum entanglements are markedly enhanced by periodic modulation compared to the non‐modulated case. The proposed configurations exhibit strong robustness against system dissipation and environmental temperature, suggesting their potential as quantum resources for metrology and information processing applications.
Abstract A scheme is proposed for generating controllable quantum correlations in a cavity‐magnomechanical system comprising a microwave cavity and two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres. A single‐mode squeezed vacuum field drives the cavity, while a red‐detuned field excites the magnon modes within the YIG spheres. Activating the magnetostrictive effect in the spheres introduces phonon modes through geometric deformation. By linearizing the system dynamics and introducing slowly moving operators to neglect high‐frequency oscillatory terms, the correlated noise from the single‐mode squeezed vacuum field can be effectively transferred between the two magnon modes and the phonon modes. Control of the cavity‐magnon coupling rate breaks the system's symmetry, enabling the generation of tunable quantum squeezing, entanglement, and one‐way quantum steering. This tunability facilitates the development of quantum information processing platforms, offering a promising framework for advancing quantum information technologies.
Recent studies show that hybrid quantum systems based on magnonics provide a new and promising platform for generating macroscopic quantum states involving a large number of spins. Here, we show how to entangle two magnon modes in two massive yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres using cavity optomagnonics, where magnons couple to high-quality optical whispering gallery modes supported by the YIG sphere. The spheres can be as large as 1 mm in diameter and each sphere contains more than 1018{10}^{18}1018 spins. The proposal is based on the asymmetry of the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands generated by the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering in cavity optomagnonics. This allows one to utilize the Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering process, respectively, for generating and verifying the entanglement. Our work indicates that cavity optomagnonics could be a promising system for preparing macroscopic quantum states.
We propose a scheme to generate entanglement between microwave fields and achieve strong squeezing of the optical output field in an opto-magnomechanical ring cavity. The system consists of two elastic yttrium iron garnet crystals with attached mirror pads inside two separate microwave cavities, and an extra fixed mirror outside the microwave cavities is utilized to complete the optical ring cavity with the two mirror pads. A magnon mode supported by the yttrium iron garnet crystal couples directly to the microwave cavity mode via magnetic dipole interaction and couples indirectly to the optical cavity mode via magnomechanical displacement, which is caused by magnetostrictive interaction and also couples the magnon mode to a phonon mode. A squeezed light is fed into the ring cavity to entangle the two phonon modes. To activate the beam splitter interaction, each magnon mode and optical cavity mode is driven by a strong red-detuned driving field. Consequently, the stationary entanglement between the two microwave cavities is obtained. The transfer efficiency of the entanglement is [Formula: see text]. To ensure the squeezing of the magnon mode generated by magnetostrictive interaction transferred into the optical field, we remove two microwave cavities. The squeezing of the optical output field can reach up to [Formula: see text] dB at 10 mK and survives up to an environmental temperature about 500 mK. Our scheme may find various useful applications in quantum wireless fidelity network and the enhancement of sensitivity of measurements.