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arXiv:2407.01182 · Physical Review Research

Globally driven superconducting quantum computing architecture

Roberto Menta, Francesco Cioni, Riccardo Aiudi, Marco Polini, Vittorio Giovannetti

Published Mar 12, 2025• 10 citations
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Abstract

We propose a platform for implementing a universal, quantum computer based on a 2D ladder hosting three different species of superconducting qubits. In stark contrast with the existing literature, our scheme exploits the always-on longitudinal ZZ coupling. The latter, combined with specific driving frequencies, enables the reach of a blockade regime, which plays a pivotal role in the computing scheme.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.7.l012065

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We propose a platform for implementing a universal, quantum computer based on a 2D ladder hosting three different species of superconducting qubits. In stark contrast with the existing literature, our scheme exploits the always-on longitudinal ZZ coupling. The latter, combined with specific driving frequencies, enables the reach of a blockade regime, which plays a pivotal role in the computing scheme.
We propose a platform to implement a scalable universal quantum computer based on a 2D array of superconducting qubits. Notably, calculations in our scheme are enabled by a set of only three global driving signals, irrespective of the number of qubits, ensuring full scalability of the computation. In stark contrast with the existing literature, global control in our scheme is achieved by leveraging the longitudinal ZZ coupling between neighboring qubits. We show how this enables information flow, one-and two-qubit gates through a series of three global pulses that act together on different subsets of the physical qubits in our system. These findings provide an alternative route to the realization of scalable and fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computers with reduced wiring, bringing them one step closer to solving practical problems in our daily lives.
Current superconducting quantum computing architectures are designed in such a way that each qubit is locally controlled with a dedicated drive and, sometimes, flux line. Scaling up these architectures to larger chips sizes and qubit counts is problematic, as the increased number of wires in the system would produce additional crosstalk and thermal load, as well as increasing costs. Recently, there have been a number of proposals to overcome this wiring bottleneck. These proposals rely on engineering a largeZZ\mathbf{Z Z}ZZinteraction between neighboring qubits in order to enter the so-called blockade regime, which enables the execution of logical operations with only three global drive lines regardless of the number of qubits on the chip. In these architectures, the entire dynamics is governed by the ZZ interaction, which needs to be the dominant energy scale to preserve the blockade regime. We present here preliminary results showing the possibility of retaining a largeZZ\mathbf{Z Z}ZZcoupling between two strongly detuned qubits, with an increase of several orders of magnitude with respect to what has been reported so far in the literature. In particular, we measure theZZ\mathbf{Z Z}ZZcoupling between two capacitively-coupled transmon qubits and extract a ZZ strength of 22 MHz for a detuning of 2.4 GHz, placing our system well into the blockade regime. These findings provide an experimental validation of the working principle of several global quantum computing architectures and represent a first step towards their practical realization.
The processing unit of a solid-state quantum computer consists of an array of coupled qubits, each driven with on-chip microwave lines that route control signals to the qubits in order to perform logical operations. This approach to quantum computing comes with two major problems. On the one hand, it greatly hampers scalability towards fault-tolerant quantum computers, which are estimated to need a number of qubits—and therefore driving lines—on the order of 10 6 . On the other hand, these lines are a source of electromagnetic noise, exacerbating frequency crowding and crosstalk, while also contributing to power dissipation inside the dilution fridge. We here tackle these two challenges by presenting a quantum processing unit (QPU) for a universal quantum computer which is (rather than ) driven. Our QPU relies on a closed loop of superconducting qubits with always-on ZZ interactions which we dub the “conveyor belt.” Notably, this architecture requires only O ( N ) physical qubits to run a computation on N computational qubits, in contrast to previous O ( N 2 ) proposals for global quantum computation. Universality is achieved via the implementation of single-qubit gates and a Toffoli gate. The ability to perform multiqubit operations in a single step could vastly improve the fidelity and execution time of many algorithms.
Continuous variable (CV) quantum computation offers an alternative to qubit-based computing by exploiting the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of bosonic modes. Despite recent progress, superconducting platforms have yet to demonstrate a scalable architecture capable of universal computation. Here, we design and numerically simulate a two-layer superconducting architecture that implements all five interactions of the universal CV gate set (rotation, displacement, squeezing, Kerr, and beam splitter) within experimentally accessible regimes. To this end, we employ a DC-SQUID as the bosonic mode, a fluxonium qubit to mediate nonlinear interactions, and two ancillary qubits that enable Gaussian and multi-mode operations. By tuning fluxes and frequencies, we achieve high fidelities (≥98%\geq 98\%≥98%) across all gates within state-of-the-art parameter ranges. The modular nature of the design allows straightforward scaling, establishing a feasible pathway toward high-fidelity, universal CV quantum computation based on superconducting circuits.
We suggest a scheme to implement a universal set of non-Abelian geometric transformations for a single logical qubit composed of three superconducting qubits coupled to a single cavity. The scheme utilizes an adiabatic evolution in a rotating frame induced by the effective tripod Hamiltonian which is achieved by longitudinal driving of the qubits. The proposal is experimentally feasible with the current state of the art and could serve as a first proof of principle for geometric quantum computing.
Abstract A quantum processor might execute certain computational tasks exponentially faster than a classical processor. Here, using superconducting quantum circuits we design a powerful universal quantum processor with the structure of symmetric all-to-all capacitive connection. We present the Hamiltonian and use it to demonstrate a full set of qubit operations needed in the programmable universal quantum computations. With the device the unwanted crosstalk and ZZ -type couplings between qubits can be effectively suppressed by tuning gate voltages, and the design allows efficient and high-quality couplings of qubits. Within available technology, the scheme may enable a practical programmable universal quantum computer.