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arXiv:2406.10763 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Note on the emission spectrum and trapping states in the Jaynes–Cummings model

J. L. T. Bertassoli, A. Vidiella-Barranco

Published Jun 11, 2024• 3 citations

Abstract

The emission of light from an atom represents a fundamental process that provides valuable insights into the atom–light interaction. The Jaynes–Cummings model is one of the simplest fully quantized models to deal with these interactions, allowing for an analytical solution, while exhibiting notable nontrivial effects. We explore new, to our knowledge, features in the fluorescence emission spectrum for initial “trapping states,” which suppress the atomic population inversion. Despite the seemingly dormant activity of the atom, the resulting emission spectra exhibit rich features, and using a dressed-state coordinates formalism, we are able to quantitatively explain the different profiles in the spectrum. We generalize the trapping conditions for nonzero atom-field detuning and also unveil two types of trapping states that lead to spectra with three peaks, in contrast to previously known states: a center peak and one secondary peak on each side. These are a trapping state formed by a Schrödinger cat state with Poissonian statistics (Yurke–Stoler state) and also a different type of “perfect trapping state.”

DOI: 10.1364/josab.524429

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The phenomenon of atomic population trapping in the Jaynes-Cummings model is analysed from a dressed-state point of view. A general condition for the occurrence of partial or total trapping from an arbitrary, pure initial atom-field state is obtained in the form of a bound to the variation of the atomic inversion. More generally, it is found that in the presence of initial atomic or atom-field coherence the population dynamics is governed not by the field's initial photon distribution, but by a ‘weighted dressedness’ distribution characterizing the joint atom-field state. In particular, individual revivals in the inversion can be analytically described to good approximation in terms of that distribution, even in the limit of large population trapping. This result is obtained through a generalization of the Poisson Summation Formula method for an analytical description of revivals developed by Fleischhauer and Schleich (1993, Phys. Rev A, 47, 4258).

The emission spectrum of a single atom in a two-mode Jaynes-Cummings model including any form of nonlinearity of both the two-mode fields and the intensity-dependent atom-field coupling is studied. A general expression for the emission spectrum is given as an explicit function of any nonlinear terms presented in the model. The effects of the nonlinearities on the spectrum are demonstrated for several important examples. It is shown that features of the emission spectrum are influenced significantly by the kinds of intensity-dependent atom-field coupling and the nonlinearities of the two-mode fields. It is also found in an analytic way that the effects on the emission spectrum of both the specific intensity-dependent nonlinear medium and the initial two-mode field photon statistics can be counterbalanced in some special cases.

Atomic emission and cavity field spectra of the Jaynes-Cummings model are analytically compared. We show that the two spectra are in general different, except for the special case where the interaction is resonant, the cavity is initially empty and the retarded time of one-photon emission is considered in calculations of the spectra. In this case, the two spectra are the same. We also show that this result comes from the fact that the two-time autocorrelation function of the cavity field is not directly proportional to that of the atom.

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