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arXiv:2406.09110 · Quantum

A Practical Protocol for Quantum Oblivious Transfer from One-Way Functions

Eleni Diamanti, Alex B. Grilo, Adriano Innocenzi, Pascal Lefebvre, Verena Yacoub, Álvaro Yángüez

Published Jun 1, 2026• 3 citations
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Abstract

We present a new simulation-secure quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) protocol based on one-way functions in the plain model. With a focus on practical implementation, our protocol surpasses prior works in efficiency, promising feasible experimental realization. We address potential experimental errors and their correction, offering analytical expressions to facilitate the analysis of the required quantum resources. Technically, we achieve simulation security for QOT through an e q u i v o c a l and r e l a x e d − e x t r a c t a b l e quantum bit commitment.

DOI
10.22331/q-2026-06-01-2124

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Abstract Quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) is an essential cryptographic primitive, but unconditionally secure QOT is known to be impossible. Here, we propose a practical QOT protocol which is perfectly secure against dishonest senders without relying on any technological assumptions. It is also secure against dishonest receivers in the absence of long-term quantum memory and complicated collective measurements. The protocol is extremely feasible, as it can be implemented using currently available Mach–Zehnder interferometers, and no quantum memory, collective measurements, or entanglement are needed for honest participants. More importantly, compared with other practical QOT schemes, our protocol has an unbeatable efficiency since it requires the transmission of a single photon only.
Commitment schemes are essential to many cryptographic protocols and schemes with applications that include privacy-preserving computation on data, privacy-preserving authentication, and in particular also in oblivious transfer protocols. For quantum oblivious transfer (qOT) protocols, unconditionally binding commitment schemes that do not rely on hardness assumptions from structured mathematical problems are required. These additional constraints severely limit the choice of commitment schemes to random oracle-based constructions or Naor’s bit commitment scheme. As these protocols commit to individual bits, the use of such commitment schemes comes at a high bandwidth and computational cost.In this work, we investigate improvements to the efficiency of commitment schemes used in qOT protocols and propose an extension of Naor’s commitment scheme requiring the existence of one-way functions (OWF) to reduce communication complexity for 2-bit strings. Additionally, we provide an interactive string commitment scheme with preprocessing to enable a fast and efficient computation of commitments.
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