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arXiv:2406.05735 · New Journal of Physics

A modular entanglement-based quantum computer architecture

Ferran Riera-Sàbat, Wolfgang Dür

Published Dec 1, 2024• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We propose a modular quantum computation architecture based on utilizing multipartite entanglement. Each module consists of a small-scale quantum computer comprising data, memory and entangling qubits. Entangling qubits are used to selectively couple different modules by harnessing some non-controllable, distance-dependent interaction, which is effectively controlled and enhanced via a proper adjusting of the internal state of the qubits. In this way, multipartite entangled states with different entanglement topologies can be shared between modules. These states are stored in memory qubits where they can be further processed so they can eventually be used to deterministically perform certain classes of gates or circuits between modules on demand, including parallel controlled-Z gates with arbitrary interaction patterns, multi-qubit gates or whole Clifford circuits, depending on their entanglement structure. The usage of different kinds of multipartite entanglement rather than Bell pairs allows for more efficient and flexible coupling between modules, leading to a scalable quantum computation architecture.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ad9945

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Abstract We propose a modular quantum computation architecture based on utilizing multipartite entanglement. Each module consists of a small-scale quantum computer comprising data, memory and entangling qubits. Entangling qubits are used to selectively couple different modules by harnessing some non-controllable, distance-dependent interaction, which is effectively controlled and enhanced via a proper adjusting of the internal state of the qubits. In this way, multipartite entangled states with different entanglement topologies can be shared between modules. These states are stored in memory qubits where they can be further processed so they can eventually be used to deterministically perform certain classes of gates or circuits between modules on demand, including parallel controlled-Z gates with arbitrary interaction patterns, multi-qubit gates or whole Clifford circuits, depending on their entanglement structure. The usage of different kinds of multipartite entanglement rather than Bell pairs allows for more efficient and flexible coupling between modules, leading to a scalable quantum computation architecture.
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The practical construction of scalable quantum-computer hardware capable of executing nontrivial quantum algorithms will require the juxtaposition of different types of quantum systems. We analyze a modular ion trap quantum-computer architecture with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to very large numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memories within a single register are accomplished using natural interactions between the qubits, and entanglement between separate registers is completed via a probabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, even over large distances. We show that this architecture can be made fault tolerant, and demonstrate its viability for fault-tolerant execution of modest size quantum circuits.
Efficient generation of large-scale multipartite entangled states is a critical but challenging task in quantum information processing. Although generation of multipartite entanglement within a small set of individual qubits has been demonstrated, further scale-up in system size requires the connection of smaller entangled states into a larger state in a scalable and modular manner. Here, we achieve this goal by implementing memory-enhanced fusion of two multipartite entangled states via photonic interconnects. Through asynchronous preparation of two tripartite W-state entanglements in two spatially separated modules of atomic quantum memories and on-demand fusion via single-photon interference, we demonstrate the creation of a four-partite W-state entanglement shared by two remote quantum memory modules in a heralded way. We also demonstrate memory-enhanced scaling in efficiencies in the entanglement fusion. The demonstrated scalable generation and fusion of multipartite entangled states pave the way toward realization of large-scale distributed quantum information processing in the future.
Quantum computing holds immense potential, but current limitations stem largely from the difficulty of scaling quantum systems. This research proposes a novel quantum computation architecture centered around adaptive quantum entanglement. We introduce a "纠缠连接调整" (Entanglement Connection Adjustment) mechanism, allowing the system to dynamically adjust the connectivity between qubits in response to quantum state changes. This dynamic adjustment, guided by a self-optimizing algorithm, is designed to enhance computational efficiency and address the inherent scalability challenges of existing quantum architectures. This work explores the potential of this approach to overcome limitations in current quantum computing paradigms and lay the groundwork for more efficient and versatile quantum computations.
This paper proposes a novel distributed computing architecture predicated on the precise control of quantum entanglement. The core claim is that by leveraging entanglement, it is possible to design a computing paradigm that surpasses the limitations of classical parallel computing. The proposed architecture utilizes entangled states to connect multiple quantum processors, enabling instantaneous state transfer and information sharing. This approach involves the development of new entanglement generation and control algorithms, optimized to manipulate quantum superposition and interference, thereby enhancing computational efficiency. The key innovation lies in moving beyond the bottleneck of classical communication inherent in traditional distributed systems. This architecture promises a fundamentally different approach to parallel computation, exploiting the unique properties of quantum mechanics. The presented framework offers a potential pathway towards scalable and highly efficient quantum computation, though significant technological challenges remain. The theoretical framework outlines the key components and operational principles of this new architecture.