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arXiv:2406.01177

Neutral-atom qubits in atom-molecular BEC

Leena Barshilia, Rajiuddin Sk, Prasanta Kumar Panigrahi, Avinash Khare

Published Jun 3, 2024• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recently, neutral atoms have emerged as a promising platform for quantum computing, offering scalability. In this study, we showcase the realization of atomic qubits in atom-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate, belonging to three distinct classes. In the first case, the condensed molecules form a droplet platform with a flat-top configuration, facilitating effective isolation from both external environments and neighbouring molecules. The second atomic qubits have wavefunctions in the ``pulse" form, exhibiting power law behaviour, whereas the third one has ground and excited state wavefunctions in their respective composite forms, $\sech^2{βx}$ and $\sech{βx}\tanh{βx}$. The localization of the qubits depends on the chemical potential, which is governed by the photo association, providing effective control for qubit manipulation. The relevant parameters, such as energy level separation, healing length, and atom numbers, are found to be influenced by the non-linearity and strength of photo associations governing the behaviour of macroscopic qubits and molecular droplets.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2406.01177

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Recently, neutral atoms have emerged as a promising platform for quantum computing, offering scalability. In this study, we showcase the realization of atomic qubits in atom-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate, belonging to three distinct classes. In the first case, the condensed molecules form a droplet platform with a flat-top configuration, facilitating effective isolation from both external environments and neighbouring molecules. The second atomic qubits have wavefunctions in the ``pulse" form, exhibiting power law behaviour, whereas the third one has ground and excited state wavefunctions in their respective composite forms, \sech2βx\sech^2{βx}\sech2βx and \sechβxtanh⁡βx\sech{βx}\tanh{βx}\sechβxtanhβx. The localization of the qubits depends on the chemical potential, which is governed by the photo association, providing effective control for qubit manipulation. The relevant parameters, such as energy level separation, healing length, and atom numbers, are found to be influenced by the non-linearity and strength of photo associations governing the behaviour of macroscopic qubits and molecular droplets.
Explicit realization of quantum droplets, even and odd Schrödinger cat states is demonstrated in an atom-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of interconversion and Kerr non-linear interactions. The crucial roles of both the χ2χ^2χ2-type nonlinearity and chemical potential in the formation of these macroscopic quantum states are shown, where the atomic condensate is in the cat state, with the corresponding molecular wave packet being a quantum droplet. The physical mechanism for their creation and common origin is established to be the non-linearity-induced self-trapping potentials, governed by photoassociation or Feshbach resonance, with the Kerr-type nonlinearities playing subdominant roles. The coexisting and controllable atom and molecular droplets are shown to realize the atom-molecular squeezed state with profiles ranging from Gaussian to flat-top super-Gaussian form. The Wigner functions are exhibited revealing the cat states' phase space interference and squeezing of droplets.
Abstract Explicit realization of quantum droplets, even and odd Schrödinger cat-like states is demonstrated in an atom-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of interconversion and Kerr non-linear interactions. The crucial roles of both the χ2-type nonlinearity and chemical potential in the formation of these macroscopic quantum states are shown, where the atomic condensate is in the cat-like state, with the corresponding molecular wave packet being a quantum droplet. The physical mechanism for their creation and common origin is established to be the non-linearity-induced self-trapping potentials, governed by photoassociation or Feshbach resonance, with the Kerr-type nonlinearities playing subdominant roles. The coexisting and controllable atom and molecular droplets are shown to realize the atom-molecular squeezed state with profiles ranging from Gaussian to flat-top super-Gaussian form. The Wigner functions are exhibited revealing the cat-like states' phase space interference and squeezing of droplets.
Ultracold neutral atoms have emerged as a promising platform for scalable quantum computation. Universal single-qubit control requires high quality state preparation, spatially resolved manipulation, and projective readout of each qubit. For state preparation and readout, neutral atom platforms can apply techniques commonly used in quantum gas microscopes and single atom trapping machines. Furthermore, the ability to isolate the internal spin states of individual neutral atoms from both external fields and neighboring atoms allows for seconds-scale coherence times. Here, we will present progress on the coherent, site-resolved control of an array of atomic qubits comprised of neutral strontium atoms.
The realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in dilute gases of ultracold atoms has revolutionized quantum physics by offering an unprecedented platform to study quantum phenomena on macroscopic scales. Ultracold atomic systems, cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, exhibit collective behaviors governed by quantum statistics, coherence, and interactions. This article discusses the theoretical and experimental frameworks underpinning the formation of BECs, focusing on the trapping, cooling, and coherence properties of ultracold bosonic gases. Further, we delve into the role of quantum phase transitions, atom-atom interactions, and external field manipulation in controlling condensate dynamics. The implications of BECs extend into precision measurements, quantum simulation, and quantum computing, positioning them as a cornerstone in modern atomic and condensed matter physics.
This talk provides an overview of worldwide efforts toward neutral atom quantum computing. While the talk will focus principally on NIST efforts, I will attempt to point out some of the important results from other groups while focusing on those aspects of neutral atoms that should make them an ideal candidate for quantum computing. Neutral atoms have two basic features that make them ideal. One is that they are among the best understood and controlled quantum systems known today, having led to Bose-Einstein condensation and the observation of the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott-insulator. The second feature that supports neutral atom quantum computing is that potential solutions for building a scalable quantum architectures based on neutral atoms already exist. The need for scalable quantum architectures, unfortunately places numerous constraints and requirements on physical systems. These requirements have been discussed by several authors; however, since the requirements are not widely known I will briefly review them along with their potential solutions for neutral atom systems. I will then conclude with a few speculative statements about the future of quantum computing and quantum information.