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arXiv:2405.20789

Bell inequalities violation in relativity theory

Belinsky, Alexander, Джадан Игорь Иванович

Published May 22, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

A violation of Bell local realism inequalities in Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) form has been discovered in a relativistic GedanknExperiment. This means that there are no definite joint probabilities and this finds a classical explanation in the structure of Special relativity (SRT). The discovered nonlocality is weaker than Albert Einstein's quantum 'spooky action at a distance', and its presence suggests certain parallels between special relativity and quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2405.20789

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A violation of Bell local realism inequalities in Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) form has been discovered in a relativistic GedanknExperiment. This means that there are no definite joint probabilities and this finds a classical explanation in the structure of Special relativity (SRT). The discovered nonlocality is weaker than Albert Einstein's quantum 'spooky action at a distance', and its presence suggests certain parallels between special relativity and quantum mechanics.
The concept of nonlocality and its role in the violation of Bell's inequalities are discussed.A weaker nonlocality is revealed in comparison with Albert Einstein's ``Spooky Action at a Distance'' and at the same time does not contradict the principles of the special theory of relativity (STR).A correlation statistical experiment with the violation of the Clauser±Horne±Shimony± Holt inequality in STR is described, in which weak nonlocality is manifested.The correlation in such an experiment propagates with infinite speed in the proper frame of reference of the measuring device.
In quantum mechanics, nonlocality (a violation of a Bell inequality) is intimately linked to complementarity, by which we mean that consistently assigning values to different observables at the same time is not possible. Nonlocality can only occur when some of the relevant observables do not commute, and this noncommutativity makes the observables complementary. Beyond quantum mechanics, the concept of complementarity can be formalized in several distinct ways. Here we describe some of these possible formalizations and ask how they relate to nonlocality. We partially answer this question by describing two toy theories which display nonlocality and obey the no-signaling principle, although each of them does not display a certain kind of complementarity. The first toy theory has the property that it maximally violates the Clauser, Horn, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) inequality, although the corresponding local observables are pairwise jointly measurable. The second toy theory also maximally violates the CHSH inequality, although its state space is classical and all measurements are mutually nondisturbing: if a measurement sequence contains some measurement twice with any number of other measurements in between, then these two measurements give the same outcome with certainty.
Bellʼs inequality fundamentally changed our understanding of quantum mechanics. Bellʼs insight that non-local correlations between quantum systems cannot be explained classically can be verified experimentally, and has numerous applications in modern quantum information. Today, the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality is probably the most well-known Bell inequality and it has given us a wealth of understanding in what differentiates the classical from the quantum world. Yet, there are certainly other means of quantifying 'Bell non-locality without inequalities' such as the famous Hardyʼs paradox. As such, one may wonder whether these are entirely different approaches to non-locality. For this anniversary issue, we unify the perspective of the CHSH inequality and Hardy's paradox into one family of non-local games which include both as special cases. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to '50 years of Bell's theorem'.
In 1982, Alain Aspect, and collaborators performed an experiment, in order to observe the violation of the inequality of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt. After the experiment, they used the data in the inequality and concluded that the inequality, obtained through probabilistic arguments, was violated confirming the conclusions obtained by John S. Bell that was not possible a theory of hidden variables in the conditions suggested by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. The aim of this work is to verify the validity of the inequalities in the conditions of the probabilistic theory, in order to hold with the axioms of the probability.
This paper intends to show how the fabled violation of Bell's inequality by the probabilistic specifications of quantum mechanics derives from a mathematical error, an error of neglect.I have no objection to the probabilities specified by quantum theory, nor to the inequality itself as characterized in the formulation of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt.Designed to assess consequences of Einstein's principle of local realism, the inequality pertains to a li-How to cite this paper: Lad, F. ( 2021) Quantum Violation of Bell's Inequality: A Misunderstanding Based on a Mathematical Error of Neglect.