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arXiv:2405.20034

Optimal Control of Bipartite Quantum Systems

Emanuel Malvetti, Léo Van Damme

Published May 30, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

Closed bipartite quantum systems subject to fast local unitary control are studied using quantum optimal control theory and a method of reduced control systems based on the Schmidt decomposition. Particular focus is given to the time-optimal generation of maximally entangled states and product states, as well as to the problem of stabilizing quantum states with a certain amount of entanglement. Explicit analytical solutions are given for general systems consisting of two qubits (as well as for bosonic and fermionic analogues) and also for a class of systems consisting of two coupled qutrits which is studied using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2405.20034

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Closed bipartite quantum systems subject to fast local unitary control are studied using quantum optimal control theory and a method of reduced control systems based on the Schmidt decomposition. Particular focus is given to the time-optimal generation of maximally entangled states and product states, as well as to the problem of stabilizing quantum states with a certain amount of entanglement. Explicit analytical solutions are given for general systems consisting of two qubits (as well as for bosonic and fermionic analogues) and also for a class of systems consisting of two coupled qutrits which is studied using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle.
The well-known Schmidt decomposition, or equivalently, the complex singular value decomposition, states that a pure quantum state of a bipartite system can always be brought into a "diagonal" form using local unitary transformations. In this work we consider a finite-dimensional closed bipartite system with fast local unitary control. In this setting one can define a reduced control system on the singular values of the state which is equivalent to the original control system. We explicitly describe this reduced control system and prove equivalence to the original system. Moreover, using the reduced control system, we prove that the original system is controllable and stabilizable and we deduce quantum speed limits. We also treat the fermionic and bosonic cases in parallel, which are related to the Autonne-Takagi and Hua factorization respectively.
Quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum technologies, yet its efficient and high-fidelity generation remains a challenge due to the complexity of quantum dynamics. This paper presents a quantum optimal control framework to maximize bipartite entanglement within a fixed time horizon, under bounded control inputs. By leveraging Pontryagin's Minimum Principle, we derive a set of necessary conditions that guide the design of time-dependent control fields to steer a two-qubit system toward maximally entangled Bell states. The entanglement is quantified using concurrence, and the control objective is formulated as maximizing this measure at the terminal time. Our approach is validated through numerical simulations of Liouville-von Neumann dynamics. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of switching-based control strategies in achieving robust entanglement, offering insights into practical implementations of quantum control for entanglement generation in quantum networks.
Quantum entanglement is a key resource for quantum technologies, yet its efficient and high-fidelity generation remains a challenge due to the complexity of quantum dynamics. This paper presents a quantum optimal control framework to maximize bipartite entanglement within a fixed time horizon, under bounded control inputs. By leveraging Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle, we derive a set of necessary conditions that guide the design of time-dependent control fields to steer a two-qubit system toward maximally entangled Bell states. The entanglement is quantified using concurrence, and the control objective is formulated as maximizing this measure at the terminal time. Our approach is validated through numerical simulations of Liouville–von Neumann dynamics. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of switching-based control strategies in achieving robust entanglement, offering insights into practical implementations of quantum control for entanglement generation in quantum networks.
We propose an optimal control strategy to generate maximally entangled states in bipartite quantum systems. Leveraging the Pontryagin's Principle, we derive time-dependent control fields that maximize the entanglement measure, specifically concurrence, within minimal time while adhering to input constraints. Our formulation addresses the Liouville-von Neumann dynamics of the reduced density matrix under unitary evolution. The strategy is numerically validated through simulations, demonstrating its ability to drive the system from an initial perturbed separable state to a maximally entangled target state. The results showcase the effectiveness of switching control fields in optimizing entanglement, with potential applications in quantum technologies, including communication, computation, and sensing.
We study the optimal generation of entanglement between two qubits subject to local unitary control. With only the assumptions of linear control and unitary dynamics, by means of a numerical protocol based on the variational approach (Pontryagin minimum principle), we evaluate the optimal control strategy leading to the maximal achievable entanglement. Unlike previous analyses of the entanglement generation process, our model considers an arbitrary interaction time, and it is possible to account for the energy cost associated with the controls. We can arbitrarily choose the relative weight between a large entanglement and a small energy cost.
Optimal control provides powerful tools and concepts that can be applied to control quantum systems. It has been used extensively to improve the performance of quantum processes in a variety of active areas in quantum technologies. This paper reviews the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of a Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP), and introduces its formulations for quantum systems. After formulating an optimal control problem for a two-level quantum system, we then study the application of PMP to obtain an optimal control strategy.