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arXiv:2405.19503

Rearrangement of single atoms in a 2000-site optical tweezers array at cryogenic temperatures

Pichard, Grégoire, Desiree Lim, Étienne Bloch, Julien Vaneecloo, Lilian Bourachot, Gert‐Jan Both, Guillaume Mériaux, Sylvain Dutartre, Richard Hostein, Julien Paris, B. X. R. Alves, Adrien Signoles, Antoine Browaeys, Thierry Lahaye, Davide Dreon

Published May 29, 2024• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report on the trapping of single rubidium atoms in large arrays of optical tweezers comprising up to 2088 sites in a cryogenic environment at 6 K. Our approach relies on the use of microscope objectives that are in-vacuum but at room temperature, in combination with windowless thermal shields into which the objectives are protruding to ensure a cryogenic environment for the trapped atoms. To achieve enough optical power for efficient trapping, we combine two lasers at slightly different wavelengths. We discuss the performance and limitations of our design. Finally, we demonstrate atom-by-atom rearrangement of an 828-atom target array using moving optical tweezers controlled by a field-programmable gate array.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2405.19503

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We report on the trapping of single rubidium atoms in large arrays of optical tweezers comprising up to 2088 sites in a cryogenic environment at 6 K. Our approach relies on the use of microscope objectives that are in-vacuum but at room temperature, in combination with windowless thermal shields into which the objectives are protruding to ensure a cryogenic environment for the trapped atoms. To achieve enough optical power for efficient trapping, we combine two lasers at slightly different wavelengths. We discuss the performance and limitations of our design. Finally, we demonstrate atom-by-atom rearrangement of an 828-atom target array using moving optical tweezers controlled by a field-programmable gate array.
Arrays of single atoms trapped in optical tweezers have become a leading platform for quantum science and technology. A challenge at the frontier of the field is to scale up the number of atoms into the thousands. In addition, combining these arrays with a cryogenic environment would come with significant gains in lifetime and fidelity of quantum operations. This study successfully combines large-scale atomic arrays with a cryogenic environment, at a temperature of 6 K. The authors demonstrate the rearrangement of more than 800 atoms within a 2000-site array and discuss possible improvements of the setup, in a key step toward better, larger atom arrays for quantum technologies.
We report on a cryogenic platform at 4 K incorporating high numerical aperture optics for the generation of large-scale tweezers arrays, and compatible with Rydberg-state manipulation. We achieve trapping lifetimes of around 5000 s, significantly extending the available experimental time for the preparation of large-scale arrays. By combining two trapping lasers at different wavelengths and by minimizing other atom losses during the rearrangement and imaging processes, we demonstrate the preparation of defect-free arrays with up to 1024 atoms. Our cryogenic design opens exciting prospects for analog and digital quantum computing.
We report on the trapping of single Rb atoms in tunable arrays of optical tweezers in a cryogenic environment at ∼4\sim 4∼4 K. We describe the design and construction of the experimental apparatus, based on a custom-made, UHV compatible, closed-cycle cryostat with optical access. We demonstrate the trapping of single atoms in cryogenic arrays of optical tweezers, with lifetimes in excess of 300 s, despite the fact that the vacuum system has not been baked out. These results open the way to large arrays of single atoms with extended coherence, for applications in large-scale quantum simulation of many-body systems, and more generally in quantum science and technology.
We present an optical tweezer array of 87 Rb atoms housed in an cryogenic environment that successfully combines a 4-K cryopumping surface, a <50-K cold box surrounding the atoms, and a room-temperature high-numerical-aperture objective lens. We demonstrate a 3000-s atom-trap lifetime, which enables us to optimize and measure losses at the 10 − 4 level that arise during imaging and cooling, which are important to array rearrangement. We perform both ground-state qubit manipulation with an integrated microwave antenna and two-photon coherent Rydberg control, with the local electric field tuned to zero via integrated electrodes. We anticipate that the reduced blackbody radiation at the atoms from the cryogenic environment, combined with future electrical shielding, should decrease the rate of undesired transitions to nearby strongly interacting Rydberg states, which cause many-body loss and impede Rydberg gates. This low-vibration, high-optical-access cryogenic platform can be used with a wide range of optically trapped atomic or molecular species for applications in quantum computing, simulation, and metrology.
We report on the trapping of single Rb\mathrm{Rb}Rb atoms in tunable arrays of optical tweezers in a cryogenic environment at approximately 4 K. We describe the design and construction of the experimental apparatus, based on a custom-made UHV-compatible closed-cycle cryostat with optical access. We demonstrate the trapping of single atoms in cryogenic arrays of optical tweezers, with lifetimes up to 6000 s, despite the fact that the vacuum system has not been baked out. These results open the way to large arrays of single atoms with extended coherence, for applications in large-scale quantum simulation of many-body systems and, more generally, in quantum science and technology.
We report on the realization of large assembled arrays of more than 300 single 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms trapped in optical tweezers in a cryogenic environment at $\ensuremath{\sim}4$ K. For arrays with Na=324{N}_{\mathrm{a}}=324Na​=324 atoms, the assembly process results in defect-free arrays in $\ensuremath{\sim}37%$ of the realizations. To achieve this high assembling efficiency, we equalize the loading probability of the traps within the array using a closed-loop optimization of the power of each optical tweezer, based on the analysis of the fluorescence time traces of atoms loaded in the traps.