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arXiv:2405.11662 · Physical Review A

Hyperbolic enhancement of a quantum battery

Charles Andrew Downing, Muhammad Shoufie Ukhtary

Published May 6, 2024• 40 citations
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Abstract

A quantum system which can store energy, and from which one can extract useful work, is known as a quantum battery. Such a device raises interesting issues surrounding how quantum physics can provide certain advantages in the charging, energy storage, or discharging of the quantum battery as compared to their classical equivalents. However, the pernicious effect of dissipation degrades the performance of any realistic battery. Here, we show how one can circumvent this problem of energy loss by proposing a quantum battery model which benefits from quantum squeezing. Namely, charging the battery quadratically with a short temporal pulse induces a hyperbolic enhancement in the stored energy, such that the dissipation present becomes essentially negligible in comparison. Furthermore, we show that when the driving is strong enough, the useful work which can be extracted from the quantum battery, that is the ergotropy, is exactly equal to the stored energy. These impressive properties imply a highly efficient quantum energetic device with abundant amounts of ergotropy. Our theoretical results suggest a possible route to realizing high-performance quantum batteries, which could be realized in a variety of platforms exploiting quantum continuous variables. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.052206

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A quantum system which can store energy, and from which one can extract useful work, is known as a quantum battery. Such a device raises interesting issues surrounding how quantum physics can provide certain advantages in the charging, energy storage, or discharging of the quantum battery as compared to their classical equivalents. However, the pernicious effect of dissipation degrades the performance of any realistic battery. Here, we show how one can circumvent this problem of energy loss by proposing a quantum battery model which benefits from quantum squeezing. Namely, charging the battery quadratically with a short temporal pulse induces a hyperbolic enhancement in the stored energy, such that the dissipation present becomes essentially negligible in comparison. Furthermore, we show that when the driving is strong enough, the useful work which can be extracted from the quantum battery, that is the ergotropy, is exactly equal to the stored energy. These impressive properties imply a highly efficient quantum energetic device with abundant amounts of ergotropy. Our theoretical results suggest a possible route to realizing high-performance quantum batteries, which could be realized in a variety of platforms exploiting quantum continuous variables. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Quantum energy science is rapidly emerging as a domain interested in the generation, transfer and storage of energy at the quantum level. In particular, quantum batteries have the scope to exploit the wonders of quantum mechanics in order to boost their performance as compared to their electrochemical equivalents. Here we show how an exponential enhancement in stored energy can be achieved with a quantum battery thanks to a two-photon charging protocol. We consider theoretically a quantum battery modelled as a quantum harmonic oscillator, which when driven by a quadratic field (manifested by a Gaussian pulse envelope) gives rise to squeezing of the battery. This quantum squeezing ensures that the population of the battery is driven exponentially up its bosonic energy ladder. Our results demonstrate a plausible mechanism for quickly storing a vast amount of energy in a quantum object defined by continuous variables, which may be explored experimentally in a variety of quantum optical platforms.
In the quantum world, the process of energy storage can be enhanced thanks to various nonclassical phenomena. This inspiring fact suggests quantum batteries as plausible sources of power for future quantum devices, at least in principle. However, thermodynamically not all of the energy stored in a quantum battery is useful for doing work. By considering a class of models based upon quantum continuous variables, here we show how the maximum extractable energy from a bosonic quantum battery can be intimately related to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. We found that realizing minimum uncertainty essentially guarantees that all of the energy stored in a Gaussian quantum battery can be withdrawn and used to do work. For a standard system where the charger and battery are coupled linearly, this criterion is satisfied rather trivially. However, our theoretical results demonstrate that-for a quantum battery with nonlinear coupling-a state of minimum uncertainty can also be achieved nontrivially via the generation of quantum squeezing. We characterize the charging performance of our proposed continuous-variable quantum batteries in detail, and we hope that our theory may be useful in the design of a new generation of efficient quantum batteries harnessing bosonic excitations, such as those built with photonic architectures.
Quantum batteries are quantum systems that potentially serve as fuel for other quantum devices by receiving and supplying energy. In this work, we propose a theoretical scheme to enhance ergotropy and charging power of quantum Battery in the system under consideration through squeezed light. Moreover, The system comprises a coherently driven charger cavity, a strongly dissipative auxiliary cavity acting as a mediator, and an energy--storage battery cavity. Quantum nonreciprocity and directional energy flow are established via destructive quantum interference between the direct coupling path and the loss--engineered indirect path. A degenerate optical parametric amplifier integrated into the charger cavity acts as an active, phase--sensitive energy source that injects two--photon quantum excitations and anomalous correlations. Using a strictly open--quantum--system framework derived directly from the Lindblad master equation, we obtain the full expectation--value dynamics and stationary states. We show that active parametric driving drastically increases the stored energy and peak charging power while maintaining nonreciprocal energy trapping in the battery. We achieve a multi-order-of-magnitude boost in the battery's stored energy, charging power, and ergotropy. We also analyze the effects of pure dephasing on the charging power, ergotropy, and extractable work quality.. Although two--photon pumping introduces photon--number fluctuations that slightly lower the fractional ergotropy ratio WB/EB{\cal W}_{\rm B}/{\cal E}_{\rm B}WB​/EB​, the absolute extractable work remains substantially elevated compared to unassisted configurations.
Quantum batteries utilize nonclassical resources to achieve charging speed and energy storage performances that surpass classical thermodynamic limits. However, the practical realization of quantum batteries is often constrained by the inevitable environment-induced dissipation of both stored ergotropy and coherence. To actively counteract these losses, we propose a dual-channel coherence framework that exploits dark-state protection to stabilize ergotropy. We conduct, for the first time, an investigation of the synergistic interplay between internal charger coherence and reservoir squeezing, the latter acting as a source of external coherence. In the resource-efficient regime where charger and battery sizes are comparable, our study shows that internal charger coherence and reservoir squeezing jointly enhance the transient charging power. Crucially, initial charger coherence is the fundamental resource for maximizing and stabilizing steady-state ergotropy through dark-state protection. Our analysis reveals that these advantages are driven by the buildup of local battery coherence, which emerges from the integration of both internal and external coherence sources. These results offer a robust pathway for high-power, stabilized energy storage in quantum architectures.
In the context of quantum information, a quantum battery refers to a system composed of quantum particles that can store and release energy in a way that is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. The study of open quantum batteries is motivated by the fact that real-world quantum systems are almost never perfectly isolated from their environment. One important challenge in the study of open quantum batteries is to develop theoretical models that accurately capture the complex interactions between the battery and its environment. the goal of studying open quantum batteries is to develop practical methods for building and operating quantum devices that can store and release energy with high efficiency and reliability, even in the presence of environmental noise and other sources of decoherence. The charging process of open quantum batteries under the influence of dissipative environment will be studied. In this Work, the effect of the classical driving field on the charging process of open quantum batteries will be investigated. The classical driving field can be used to manipulate the charging and discharging process of the battery, leading to enhanced performance and improved efficiency. It also will be showed that the efficiency of open quantum batteries depends on detuning between the qubit and the classical driving field and central frequency of the cavity and the classical driving field.
As a quantum thermodynamic device that utilizes quantum systems for energy storage and delivery, the quantum battery (QB) is expected to offer revolutionary advantages in terms of increasing the charging power and the extractable work by using quantum resources. However, the ubiquitous decoherence in the microscopic world inevitably forces the QB to spontaneously lose its stored energy. This is called the self-discharging of the QB and severely limits its realization. We propose a QB scheme based on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, where the electronic spin serves as the QB. Inspired by our finding that the coherent ergotropy decays more slowly than the incoherent ergotropy, we reveal a mechanism to enhance the inherent robustness of the QB to the self-discharging by improving the ratio of coherent ergotropy to total ergotropy. The unique hyperfine interaction between the electron and the native ^{14}N nucleus in our scheme allows one to coherently optimize this ratio. Mitigating the self-discharging and optimizing the extractable work simultaneously, our results pave the way for the practical realization of the QB.