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arXiv:2405.03062 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Cavity QED systems for steady-state sources of Wigner-negative light

Alex Elliott, A. S. Parkins

Published May 3, 2024• 4 citations
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Abstract

We present a theoretical investigation of optical cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) systems, as described by the driven, open Jaynes–Cummings model and some of its variants, as potential sources of steady-state Wigner-negative light. We consider temporal modes in the continuous output field from the cavity and demonstrate pronounced negativity in their Wigner distributions for experimentally relevant parameter regimes. We consider models of both single and collective atomic spin systems, and find a rich structure of Wigner-distribution negativity as the spin size is varied. We also demonstrate an effective realization of all of the models considered using just a single 87 Rb atom and based upon combinations of laser- and laser-plus-cavity-driven Raman transitions between magnetic sublevels in a single ground hyperfine state.

DOI
10.1364/josab.524030

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We present a theoretical investigation of optical cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) systems, as described by the driven, open Jaynes–Cummings model and some of its variants, as potential sources of steady-state Wigner-negative light. We consider temporal modes in the continuous output field from the cavity and demonstrate pronounced negativity in their Wigner distributions for experimentally relevant parameter regimes. We consider models of both single and collective atomic spin systems, and find a rich structure of Wigner-distribution negativity as the spin size is varied. We also demonstrate an effective realization of all of the models considered using just a single 87 Rb atom and based upon combinations of laser- and laser-plus-cavity-driven Raman transitions between magnetic sublevels in a single ground hyperfine state.
We propose schemes for steady-state emission of quadrature-squeezed light from a single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics system. Two effective atom-cavity interaction models are suggested, motivated by correlated photon-pair emissions and multiphoton coherences that manifest themselves as squeezing of light emitted from the cavity. We consider idealized models to examine the mechanisms and optimal regimes for generating squeezed light. We also demonstrate realizations of these models based on both single 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs atoms, using combinations of laser- and laser-plus-cavity-driven Raman transitions between magnetic sublevels in a single ground hyperfine state. We show that these systems can in principle produce a much stronger level of squeezing than has previously been possible from a single-atom source.
Propagating modes of light with negative-valued Wigner distributions are of fundamental interest in quantum optics and represent a key resource in the pursuit of optics-based quantum information technologies. Most schemes proposed or implemented for the generation of such modes are probabilistic in nature and rely on heralding by detection of a photon or on conditional methods where photons are separated from the original field mode by a beam splitter. In this Letter we demonstrate theoretically, using a cascaded-quantum-systems model, the possibility of deterministic generation of Wigner-negativity in temporal modes of the steady-state emission of a two-level system driven by finite-bandwidth quadrature-squeezed light. Optimal negativity is obtained for a squeezing bandwidth similar to the linewidth of the transition of the two-level system. While the Wigner distribution associated with the incident squeezed light is Gaussian and everywhere positive, the Wigner functions of the outgoing temporal modes show distinct similarities and overlap with a superposition of displaced squeezed states.
We show that a Kerr-nonlinear cavity coupled to an incoherently pumped two-level qubit can stabilize a nonclassical steady state with pronounced Wigner negativity. Without the qubit, two-photon drive and dissipation preserve photon-number parity and confine vacuum-initiated dynamics to the even-parity Fock subspace, preventing the emergence of odd-parity-induced central Wigner negativity. The qubit opens a frequency-selective injection channel into the odd-parity Fock subspace, while Kerr nonlinearity suppresses unwanted higher-order transitions, driving the system toward a steady state dominated by the single-photon Fock state that can approach a nearly pure state in the optimal regime. The resulting Wigner negativity remains robust over broad experimentally relevant loss and dephasing regimes, providing a route to the dissipative stabilization of nonclassical light in cavity quantum electrodynamics platforms.
We propose a single-atom, cavity quantum electrodynamics system, compatible with recently demonstrated, fiber-integrated micro- and nanocavity setups, for the on-demand production of optical number-state, 0N-state, and binomial-code-state pulses. The scheme makes use of Raman transitions within an entire atomic ground-state hyperfine level and operates with laser and cavity fields detuned from the atomic transition by much more than the excited-state hyperfine splitting. This enables reduction of the dynamics to that of a simple, cavity-damped Tavis-Cummings model with the collective spin determined by the total angular momentum of the ground hyperfine level.