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arXiv:2403.19551 · Nanoscale

On the feasibility of quantum teleportation protocols implemented with silicon devices

Junghee Ryu, Hoon Ryu

Published Jan 1, 2025• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

With recent experimental advancements demonstrating high-fidelity universal logic gates and basic programmability, silicon-based spin quantum bits (qubits) have emerged as promising candidates for scalable quantum computing. However, implementation of more complex quantum information protocols with many qubits still remains a critical challenge for realization of practical programmability in silicon devices. In this study, we present a computational investigation of entanglement-based quantum information applications implemented on an electrically defined quantum dot structure in silicon. Using in-house multi-scale simulations based on tight-binding calculations augmented with classical physics with bulk properties, we model a five quantum dot system that can create up to five electron spin qubits, and discuss details of control engineering needed to implement single-qubit rotations and two-qubit logic operations in a programmable manner. Using these elementary operations, we design a five-qubit quantum teleportation protocol and computationally verify its end-to-end operation including a simple but clear analysis on how the designed circuit can be affected by charge noise. With engineering details that are not well uncovered by experiments, our results demonstrate the advanced programmability of silicon quantum dot systems, delivering the practical guidelines for potential designs of quantum information processes based on electrically defined silicon quantum dot structures.

DOI
10.1039/d5nr02992a

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With recent experimental advancements demonstrating high-fidelity universal logic gates and basic programmability, silicon-based spin quantum bits (qubits) have emerged as promising candidates for scalable quantum computing. However, implementation of more complex quantum information protocols with many qubits still remains a critical challenge for realization of practical programmability in silicon devices. In this study, we present a computational investigation of entanglement-based quantum information applications implemented on an electrically defined quantum dot structure in silicon. Using in-house multi-scale simulations based on tight-binding calculations augmented with classical physics with bulk properties, we model a five quantum dot system that can create up to five electron spin qubits, and discuss details of control engineering needed to implement single-qubit rotations and two-qubit logic operations in a programmable manner. Using these elementary operations, we design a five-qubit quantum teleportation protocol and computationally verify its end-to-end operation including a simple but clear analysis on how the designed circuit can be affected by charge noise. With engineering details that are not well uncovered by experiments, our results demonstrate the advanced programmability of silicon quantum dot systems, delivering the practical guidelines for potential designs of quantum information processes based on electrically defined silicon quantum dot structures.
We computationally investigate the programmability of quantum circuits that are manipulated with electron spins in semiconductor devices based on the silicon/silicon-germanium heterostructure. Using our multi-scale modeling approach whose workloads are fairly accelerated with a parallel computing, we design an electrically defined quantum dot structure that confines up to 5 electron spins with bias controls, and calculate the sets of electrical biases that serve as the standard operation modes that can initialize the system with weakly or strongly correlated spins. With the secured operation modes, we discuss how essential universal gates can be implemented, and demonstrate end-to-end operations of two different 5-qubit algorithm circuits. This work not only reveals the fundamental guidelines for designs of silicon quantum processors that may not be easy to be procured directly from existing commercial softwares or experiments, but presents the details of a practical method for a computational analysis of quantum information processing in silicon devices that would be hard to be conducted withab-initiosimulations.
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Abstract Recent advances in quantum error correction codes for fault-tolerant quantum computing and physical realizations of high-fidelity qubits in multiple platforms give promise for the construction of a quantum computer based on millions of interacting qubits. However, the classical-quantum interface remains a nascent field of exploration. Here, we propose an architecture for a silicon-based quantum computer processor based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. We show how a transistor-based control circuit together with charge-storage electrodes can be used to operate a dense and scalable two-dimensional qubit system. The qubits are defined by the spin state of a single electron confined in quantum dots, coupled via exchange interactions, controlled using a microwave cavity, and measured via gate-based dispersive readout. We implement a spin qubit surface code, showing the prospects for universal quantum computation. We discuss the challenges and focus areas that need to be addressed, providing a path for large-scale quantum computing.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. The spin states of single electrons in gate-defined quantum dots satisfy crucial requirements for a practical quantum computer. These include extremely long coherence times, high-fidelity quantum operation, and the ability to shuttle electrons as a mechanism for on-chip flying qubits. To increase the number of qubits to the thousands or millions of qubits needed for practical quantum information, we present an architecture based on shared control and a scalable number of lines. Crucially, the control lines define the qubit grid, such that no local components are required. Our design enables qubit coupling beyond nearest neighbors, providing prospects for nonplanar quantum error correction protocols. Fabrication is based on a three-layer design to define qubit and tunnel barrier gates. We show that a double stripline on top of the structure can drive high-fidelity single-qubit rotations. Self-aligned inhomogeneous magnetic fields induced by direct currents through superconducting gates enable qubit addressability and readout. Qubit coupling is based on the exchange interaction, and we show that parallel two-qubit gates can be performed at the detuning-noise insensitive point. While the architecture requires a high level of uniformity in the materials and critical dimensions to enable shared control, it stands out for its simplicity and provides prospects for large-scale quantum computation in the near future.
The spin states of single electrons in gate-defined quantum dots satisfy crucial requirements for a practical quantum computer. These include extremely long coherence times, high-fidelity quantum operation, and the ability to shuttle electrons as a mechanism for on-chip flying qubits. To increase the number of qubits to the thousands or millions of qubits needed for practical quantum information, we present an architecture based on shared control and a scalable number of lines. Crucially, the control lines define the qubit grid, such that no local components are required. Our design enables qubit coupling beyond nearest neighbors, providing prospects for nonplanar quantum error correction protocols. Fabrication is based on a three-layer design to define qubit and tunnel barrier gates. We show that a double stripline on top of the structure can drive high-fidelity single-qubit rotations. Self-aligned inhomogeneous magnetic fields induced by direct currents through superconducting gates enable qubit addressability and readout. Qubit coupling is based on the exchange interaction, and we show that parallel two-qubit gates can be performed at the detuning-noise insensitive point. While the architecture requires a high level of uniformity in the materials and critical dimensions to enable shared control, it stands out for its simplicity and provides prospects for large-scale quantum computation in the near future.