A bstract The rapid development of quantum science and technology is leading us into an era where quantum many-body systems can be comprehended through quantum simulations. Holographic duality, which states gravity and spacetime can emerge from strongly interacting systems, then offers a natural avenue for the experimental study of gravity physics without delving into experimentally infeasible high energies. A prominent example is the simulation of traversable wormholes through the wormhole teleportation protocol, attracting both theoretical and experimental attention. In this work, we develop the theoretical framework for computing the fidelity of wormhole teleportation in N -qubit systems with all-to-all interactions, quantified by mutual information and entanglement negativity. The main technique is the scramblon effective theory, which captures universal out-of-time-order correlations in generic chaotic systems. We clarify that strong couplings between the two systems are essential for simulating the probe limit of semi-classical traversable wormholes using strongly interacting systems with near-maximal chaos. However, the teleportation signal diminishes rapidly when reducing the system size N , requiring a large number of qubits to observe a sharp signature of emergent geometry by simulating the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. This includes both the causal time-order of signals and the asymmetry of the teleportation signal for coupling with different signs. As a comparison, the teleportation signal increases when reducing N in weakly interacting systems. We also analyze the fidelity of the generalized encoding scheme in fermionic string operators.
A bstract The rapid development of quantum science and technology is leading us into an era where quantum many-body systems can be comprehended through quantum simulations. Holographic duality, which states gravity and spacetime can emerge from strongly interacting systems, then offers a natural avenue for the experimental study of gravity physics without delving into experimentally infeasible high energies. A prominent example is the simulation of traversable wormholes through the wormhole teleportation protocol, attracting both theoretical and experimental attention. In this work, we develop the theoretical framework for computing the fidelity of wormhole teleportation in N -qubit systems with all-to-all interactions, quantified by mutual information and entanglement negativity. The main technique is the scramblon effective theory, which captures universal out-of-time-order correlations in generic chaotic systems. We clarify that strong couplings between the two systems are essential for simulating the probe limit of semi-classical traversable wormholes using strongly interacting systems with near-maximal chaos. However, the teleportation signal diminishes rapidly when reducing the system size N , requiring a large number of qubits to observe a sharp signature of emergent geometry by simulating the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. This includes both the causal time-order of signals and the asymmetry of the teleportation signal for coupling with different signs. As a comparison, the teleportation signal increases when reducing N in weakly interacting systems. We also analyze the fidelity of the generalized encoding scheme in fermionic string operators.
We report the experimental signature of holographically motivated quantum teleportation on a quantum processor, driven by the highly entangled, chaotic dynamics of a many-body system. Specifically, we implement the traversable-wormhole (TW) protocol utilizing a \textit{chaotic} binary sparse N=8 Sachdev--Ye--Kitaev (SYK) model. This optimized approach dramatically reduces circuit depth for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware while rigorously preserving the spectral chaos required for gravitational duality. Diagnosing the teleportation signal via mutual information, we find that while inherent noise in NISQ hardware precludes perfect quantitative agreement with exact numerical simulations, our experimental results provide evidence for the essential qualitative signature: a sign-dependent asymmetry. This work establishes a practical framework for holographic quantum simulations, offering a novel empirical testbed for exploring holographic quantum gravity.
With the long-term goal of studying models of quantum gravity in the lab, we propose holographic teleportation protocols that can be readily executed in table-top experiments. These protocols exhibit similar behavior to that seen in the recent traversable wormhole constructions of [1,2]: information that is scrambled into one half of an entangled system will, following a weak coupling between the two halves, unscramble into the other half. We introduce the concept of teleportation by size to capture how the physics of operator-size growth naturally leads to information transmission. The transmission of a signal through a semi-classical holographic wormhole corresponds to a rather special property of the operator-size distribution we call size winding. For more general systems (which may not have a clean emergent geometry), we argue that imperfect size winding is a generalization of the traversable wormhole phenomenon. In addition, a form of signalling continues to function at high temperature and at large times for generic chaotic systems, even though it does not correspond to a signal going through a geometrical wormhole, but rather to an interference effect involving macroscopically different emergent geometries. Finally, we outline implementations feasible with current technology in two experimental platforms: Rydberg atom arrays and trapped ions.
We implement the Wormhole-Inspired Teleportation Protocol (WITP) in a pair of coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models prepared in a thermofield-double state, forming a quantum analog of a traversable wormhole. By varying parameters (temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$, coupling strength g, insertion site, and traversal time t) we compare the teleportation fidelity against an analogous protocol using a transverse-field Ising model. We find that the chaotic SYK system consistently yields higher teleportation fidelity than the transverse field Ising model, reflecting the SYK Hamiltonian's pronounced many-body chaos. These enhanced fidelities arise from the SYK's effectively random-matrix dynamics, which improve the coherent information transfer through the wormhole channel. Unlike prior single-qubit benchmarks based on $|0\ensuremath{\rangle}$ inputs, the present work defines and evaluates a genuine quantum-state fidelity for a maximally entangled two-qubit Bell input, using a Pauli-stabilizer formalism that captures entanglement-phase coherence. Our central result is achieved by teleporting a maximally entangled two-qubit Bell state through the wormhole. We introduce a Pauli-stabilizer fidelity measure for the two-qubit message and demonstrate that the Bell-state protocol produces a substantial fidelity boost compared to single-qubit teleportation. Furthermore, we examine the time-resolved fidelity for both single-qubit and two-qubit messages, revealing distinct fluctuation patterns that deepen our understanding of dynamical many-body teleportation processes. Finally, we present an argument that our Bell-state WITP simulations provide a concrete numerical testbed for aspects of the ER = EPR conjecture, by mapping entanglement structure and thermal/coupling dependence to traversability diagnostics in an emergent wormhole geometry.
Traversability dynamics of minimal Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Wormhole-inspired teleportation protocol with a parity-time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian deformation
Holography-inspired teleportation has recently emerged as a significant area of research in quantum many-body systems. In this work, we investigate the effects of PT symmetric non-unitary deformations on the traversability of the wormhole-inspired teleportation protocol modeled by coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev systems prepared in a Thermofield Double state bath. By introducing balanced gain and loss terms to the boundary Hamiltonians, we identify a phase transition driven by spectral exceptional points, where the real energy eigenvalues of the effective Hamiltonian coalesce and bifurcate into complex conjugate pairs. We demonstrate that the PT-broken phase acts as an amplifier, enabling exponential growth in the norm of the teleported signal while preserving the causal time window for the wormhole's traversability. A statistical study of disorder realizations reveals that the critical non-Hermiticity threshold γc follows a log-normal distribution, reflecting the sensitivity of the transition to the microscopic level spacing of the chaotic SYK spectrum. Furthermore, we observe a ``Purification" effect deep in the broken phase, where the teleportation channel acts as an entanglement distiller, yielding near-perfect teleportation fidelity for post-selected states. Our results suggest that the non-Hermitian topology can be harnessed to enhance holographic quantum communication, providing a robust mechanism for signal amplification in noisy, minimal quantum many-body systems.
By leveraging shared entanglement between a pair of qubits, one can teleport a quantum state from one particle to another.Recent advances have uncovered an intrinsically many-body generalization of quantum teleportation, with an elegant and surprising connection to gravity.In particular, the teleportation of quantum information relies on many-body dynamics, which originate from strongly interacting systems that are holographically dual to gravity; from the gravitational perspective, such quantum teleportation can be understood as the transmission of information through a traversable wormhole.Here, we propose and analyze a new mechanism for many-body quantum teleportation-dubbed peaked-size teleportation.Intriguingly, peaked-size teleportation utilizes precisely the same type of quantum circuit as traversable wormhole teleportation yet has a completely distinct microscopic origin: It relies upon the spreading of local operators under generic thermalizing dynamics and not gravitational physics.We demonstrate the ubiquity of peaked-size teleportation, both analytically and numerically, across a diverse landscape of physical systems, including random unitary circuits, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model (at high temperatures), one-dimensional spin chains, and a bulk theory of gravity with stringy corrections.Our results pave the way toward using many-body quantum teleportation as a powerful experimental tool for (i) characterizing the size distributions of operators in strongly correlated systems and (ii) distinguishing between generic and intrinsically gravitational scrambling dynamics.To this end, we provide a detailed experimental blueprint for realizing many-body quantum teleportation in both trapped ions and Rydberg atom arrays; effects of decoherence and experimental imperfections are analyzed.
Unlike standard quantum teleportation, many-body teleportation uses scrambling to transmit quantum information. In this protocol, initially localized information spreads over many degrees of freedom and is later refocused at the receiver by a simple coupling between the systems, followed by further many-body evolution. The protocol was developed from models of traversable wormholes in holography and has become a useful probe of scrambling. In particular, it can distinguish genuine scrambling from decoherence or noise when out-of-time-order correlators fail, and can reveal signatures of different scrambling mechanisms, including the distinctive behavior expected in holographic systems. Holography predicts that related protocols can transmit information between selected boundaries of multi-boundary wormhole geometries. Motivated by this setting, we study single-qubit many-body teleportation among three systems of qubits. The initial state consists of EPR pairs distributed among them, providing a simple analogue of an infinite-temperature three-boundary holographic state. We analyze the protocol with one-dimensional and all-to-all dynamics, both analytically and numerically using random circuits. We find that the third system suppresses teleportation once the spreading message reaches the region of qubits that are entangled with it. In one dimension, both the minimum coupling required for successful teleportation and the fidelity depend on the distance from the injection site to this region, a feature reminiscent of holographic causal shadows. For all-to-all dynamics, successful teleportation is instead restricted to early times and to sufficiently few qubits entangled with the third system. A third system therefore provides spatial, or subsystem, resolution of information spreading that is absent from the two-sided protocol. Our results offer a step toward many-body teleportation networks.