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arXiv:2403.14363 · Quantum Information Processing

Multi-player quantum data hiding by nonlocal quantum state ensembles

Donghoon Ha, Jeong San Kim

Published May 12, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We provide multi-player quantum data hiding based on nonlocal quantum state ensembles arising from multi-party quantum state discrimination. Using bounds on local minimum-error discrimination of multi-party quantum states, we construct a multi-player quantum data-hiding scheme. Our data-hiding scheme can be used to hide multiple bits, asymptotically, unless all the players collaborate. We also illustrate our results by examples of nonlocal quantum state ensembles.

DOI
10.1007/s11128-025-04764-z

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Abstract We provide multi-player quantum data hiding based on nonlocal quantum state ensembles arising from multi-party quantum state discrimination. Using bounds on local minimum-error discrimination of multi-party quantum states, we construct a multi-player quantum data-hiding scheme. Our data-hiding scheme can be used to hide multiple bits, asymptotically, unless all the players collaborate. We also illustrate our results by examples of nonlocal quantum state ensembles.
We consider the discrimination of two-party quantum states and provide a quantum data-hiding scheme using two-qubit separable states. We first provide a bound on the optimal local discrimination of two-party quantum states, and establish a sufficient condition under which a two-party quantum state ensemble can be used to construct a data-hiding scheme. We illustrate this condition with examples of two-qubit state ensembles consisting of two orthogonal separable states. As our data-hiding scheme can be implemented with separable states of the lowest possible dimension, its practical realization becomes significantly more attainable.
We consider bipartite quantum state discrimination and present a quantum data-hiding scheme utilizing an orthogonal separable state ensemble. Using a bound on local minimum-error discrimination, we provide a sufficient condition for the separable state ensemble to be used in constructing a quantum data-hiding scheme. Our results are illustrated with various examples in bipartite quantum systems. As our scheme employs separable states of low-dimensional quantum systems, it becomes more feasible for practical implementation.
We consider multiparty quantum state discrimination and present a multiparty quantum data-hiding scheme for one classical bit to be shared among multiple parties. In the proposed scheme, any pair of parties can collaborate to perfectly recover the hidden bit through a joint measurement, whereas measurements based on local operations and classical communication(LOCC) performed even by all parties reveal only an arbitrarily small amount of information. We further provide bounds on the optimal LOCC discrimination of multiparty quantum states. The proposed scheme can be implemented using only separable states of low-dimensional quantum systems, enhancing its practical feasibility.
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We expand on our work on quantum data hiding - hiding classical data among parties who are restricted to performing only local quantum operations and classical communication (LOCC). We review our scheme that hides one bit between two parties using Bell (1964) states, and we derive upper and lower bounds on the secrecy of the hiding scheme. We provide an explicit bound showing that multiple bits can be hidden bitwise with our scheme. We give a preparation of the hiding states as an efficient quantum computation that uses at most one ebit of entanglement. A candidate data-hiding scheme that does not use entanglement is presented. We show how our scheme for quantum data hiding can be used in a conditionally secure quantum bit commitment scheme.