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arXiv:2403.13634

A Secure Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Using Two-Particle Transmission

Pratapaditya Bej, Vinod Jayakeerthi

Published Mar 20, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The evolution of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on innovative methods to enhance its security and efficiency. Unextendible Product Bases (UPBs) hold promise in quantum cryptography due to their inherent indistinguishability, yet they are underutilized in QKD protocols. This work introduces a protocol utilizing UPBs to establish quantum keys between distant parties. Specifically, we propose a protocol utilizing a $3\times 3$ tile UPB, where Alice sequentially transmits subsystem states to Bob through quantum channels. The protocol's security is underpinned by the no-cloning theorem, prohibiting the cloning of orthogonal states. We analyze potential attacks, including intercept-resend and detector blinding attacks when quantum channels are noiseless, and discuss the challenges posed by the indistinguishability of our protocol for eavesdroppers, thereby enhancing QKD security.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2403.13634

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Quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution (QKD) both play a key role in the application of quantum information processing. They have been widely realized in experiments in the past decades. We construct a multipartite QKD protocol using teleportation by a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state. The latter is a frequently studied family entangled states in theory and experiments. Our protocol shows the security because the loss of any particles does not lead to the loss of information the sender wants to send to the receiver. Further, the classical messages cost in the protocol occur only among some particles. We also apply the unextendible product operator basis (UPOB) by performing them on high dimensional states, which are then teleported to the receiver. We stress that UPOBs are related to quantum nonlocality, which is associated with the local indistinguishability of orthogonal states. Hence our paper may contribute to the novel understanding of quantum nonlocality, as well as related quantum-information tasks such as state and operation discrimination.
This paper presents a novel quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol leveraging the principles of quantum coherence degradation, specifically quantum decoherence. The protocol aims to enhance key security by exploiting the inherent sensitivity of quantum states to environmental interactions. We detail a protocol where Alice and Bob employ polarized photons and measurement bases to establish a shared key. The core innovation lies in the strategic introduction of decoherence into the communication channel, effectively masking eavesdropping attempts. Mathematical analysis demonstrates the protocol's security under specific assumptions about the decoherence model. This work contributes to the ongoing research in QKD, proposing a pathway towards more resilient key distribution systems. The key parameters affecting the protocol's performance, including decoherence rates and measurement precision, are thoroughly examined. The overall goal is to provide a robust foundation for secure quantum communication.
The secure transfer of keys between two parties, is one of the primary problems in cryptography. The possibility that the key can be manipulated or intercepted by way of an eavesdropper is the cause for the concern. A promising way to this problem is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The secure distribution of keys that may be used to encrypt and decrypt messages is made feasible by this approach, which makes use of the idea of quantum mechanics. QKD offers a degree of protection that can not be done by means of classical cryptography techniques, and has remarkable capability for application in a scope of fields in which secure correspondence is crucial. QKD is a field of study that has brought various conventions pointed toward empowering the safe alternate of cryptographic keys between two parties, Alice and Bob. Two key protocols within this field are the BB84 which was designed by Bennett and Brassard and E91 which was proposed by Ekert. While other protocols have been developed, many draw inspiration from these two foundational approaches. We focused specifically on the E91 protocol and explored its potential for the safe transfer of entangled pairs within computer networks. This protocol utilizes entanglement between particles as a means of verifying the security of the key exchange. Our investigation centered around testing the entanglement swapping for two particles using the E91 protocol, with the aim of developing a novel method for the secure transmission of entangled pairs via computer networks. Our findings suggest promising avenues for future work in implementing secure entanglement swapping in practical applications.
This work presents quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) to safeguard security in large networks, efficiency is improved as the proposed protocols contain the fewest number of communication rounds and two parties can share and use a long-term secret Key. Quantum cryptography is basically based on a trusted channel in communication between two parties compared to classical channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has become more secure transmission method used to transmit secret key between two legitimate parties. This paper discusses the implementation of (QKD) protocol with the existence of an eavesdropper. The implementation simulates the communication of two parties who wish to share a secret key with the existing of eavesdropper. The existing of eavesdropper is simulated with two kinds of attacks, which is used as parameter to measure the length of final key agreed by both authenticated parties at the end of the communication.
Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum bit error rate introduced by an eavesdropper unavoidably exceeds the system error rate. This condition guarantees that an eavesdropper cannot disguise his presence by simply replacing the original transmission line with a less faulty one. Unfortunately, this condition also limits the possible distance between the communicating parties, Alice and Bob, to a few hundred kilometers. To overcome this problem, we design a QKD protocol which allows Alice and Bob to distinguish system errors from eavesdropping errors. If they are able to identify the origin of their errors, they can detect eavesdropping even when the system error rate exceeds the eavesdropping error rate. To achieve this, the proposed protocol employs an alternative encoding of information in two-dimensional photon states. Errors manifest themselves as quantum bit and as index transmission errors with a distinct correlation between them in case of intercept-resend eavesdropping. As a result, Alice and Bob can tolerate lower eavesdropping and higher system error rates without compromising their privacy.