Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2401.01334 · Physical Review Letters

Hyperfine-Enhanced Gyroscope Based on Solid-State Spins

Guoqing Wang, Minh-Thi Nguyen, Paola Cappellaro

Published Oct 8, 2024• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Solid-state platforms based on electronuclear spin systems are attractive candidates for rotation sensing due to their excellent sensitivity, stability, and compact size, compatible with industrial applications. Conventional spin-based gyroscopes measure the accumulated phase of a nuclear spin superposition state to extract the rotation rate and thus suffer from spin dephasing. Here, we propose a gyroscope protocol based on a two-spin system that includes a spin intrinsically tied to the host material, while the other spin is isolated. The rotation rate is then extracted by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two spins starting from their population states, robust against spin dephasing. In particular, the relative rotation rate between the two spins can be enhanced by their hyperfine coupling by more than an order of magnitude, further boosting the achievable sensitivity. The ultimate sensitivity of the gyroscope is limited by the lifetime of the spin system and compatible with a broad dynamic range, even in the presence of magnetic noise or control errors due to initialization and qubit manipulations. Our result enables precise measurement of slow rotations and exploration of fundamental physics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.133.150801

Related papers

Hyperfine-enhanced gyroscope based on optically active spins

Paola Cappellaro

Gyroscopes find wide applications in everyday life from navigation and inertial sensing to rotation sensors in hand-held devices and automobiles. Current devices, based on either atomic or solid-state systems, typically impose a choice between long-time stability and high sensitivity in a miniaturized system. Thanks to their optical properties, nuclear spins associated with NV centers in diamond have been proposed to overcome this challenge. While optical polarization improves these devices' sensitivities, further improvement is needed. Here, we propose a gyroscope protocol based on a two-spin system that includes a spin intrinsically tied to the host material, while the other spin is effectively in an inertial frame. The rotation rate is then extracted by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two spins starting from their population states, which are robust against spin dephasing. Importantly, the relative rotation rate between the two spins is enhanced by their hyperfine coupling by more than an order of magnitude, further boosting the achievable sensitivity. The ultimate sensitivity of the gyroscope is limited by the lifetime of the spin system and is compatible with a broad dynamic range, even in the presence of magnetic noises or control errors due to initialization and qubit manipulations. Our result enables precise measurement of slow rotations and exploration of fundamental physics.

Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)•Aug 2, 2024•0 citations

Stable three-axis nuclear-spin gyroscope in diamond

Ashok Ajoy, Paola Cappellaro

Gyroscopes find wide applications in everyday life from navigation and inertial sensing to rotation sensors in hand-held devices and automobiles. Current devices, based on either atomic or solid-state systems, impose a choice between long-time stability and high sensitivity in a miniaturized system. Here, we introduce a quantum sensor that overcomes these limitations by providing a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state. We achieve high sensitivity by exploiting the long coherence time of the ${}^{14}$N nuclear spin associated with the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, combined with the efficient polarization and measurement of its electronic spin. Although the gyroscope is based on a simple Ramsey interferometry scheme, we use coherent control of the quantum sensor to improve its coherence time and robustness against long-time drifts. Such a sensor can achieve a sensitivity of $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(\mathrm{mdeg}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}}$ while offering enhanced stability in a small footprint. In addition, we exploit the four axes of delocalization of the nitrogen-vacancy center to measure not only the rate of rotation, but also its direction, thus obtaining a compact three-axis gyroscope.

arXiv:1205.1494•Physical Review A•Dec 11, 2012•141 citations

Quantum-memory-assisted precision rotation sensing

Wenkui Ding, Wenxian Zhang, Xiaoguang Wang

We propose to implement a solid-state rotation sensor by employing a many-body quantum spin system which takes the advantages of the easy controllability of the electron spin and the robustness provided by the collective nuclear spin state. The sensor consists of a central electron spin coupled to many surrounding nuclear spins. Previously, this central spin system has been suggested to realize a quantum memory. Here, we further utilize the collective nuclear spins, which store a certain quantum state, to detect the macroscopic rotation. Different from other nuclear spin-based gyroscopes, our proposal does not directly manipulate nuclear spins via nuclear magnetic resonance technique. We analytically and numerically investigate the effects of partial nuclear polarization and decoherence on the sensitivity. We also briefly introduce the procedure to generate entanglement between nuclear spins through the quantum memory technique and to utilize this entanglement to enhance the sensing performance. Our proposal paves the way to the experimental realization of a compact solid-state, full-electrical, and spin-based gyroscope.

arXiv:1906.04995•Physical Review A•Sep 9, 2020•6 citations

Cavity-Enhanced Solid-State Nuclear Spin Gyroscope

Hanfeng Wang, Shuang Wu, Kurt A. Jacobs +3 more

Solid-state quantum sensors based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for precise sensing applications. Nuclear spin sensors are particularly well suited for applications requiring long coherence times, such as inertial sensing, but remain underexplored due to control complexity and limited optical readout efficiency. In this work, we propose cooperative cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) coupling to achieve efficient nuclear spin readout. Unlike previous cQED methods used to enhance electron spin readout, here we employ two-field interference in the NV hyperfine subspace to directly probe the nuclear spin transitions. We model the nuclear spin NV-cQED system (nNV-cQED) and observe several distinct regimes, including electromagnetically induced transparency, masing without inversion, and oscillatory behavior. We then evaluate the nNV-cQED system as an inertial sensor, indicating a rotation sensitivity improved by 3 orders of magnitude compared to previous solid-state spin demonstrations. Furthermore, we show that the NV electron spin can be simultaneously used as a comagnetometer, and the four crystallographic axes of NVs can be employed for vector resolution in a single nNV-cQED system. These results showcase the applications of two-field interference using the nNV-cQED platform, providing critical insights into the manipulation and control of quantum states in hybrid NV systems and unlocking new possibilities for high-performance quantum sensing.

arXiv:2502.01769•Physical Review Letters•May 9, 2025•6 citations

Quantum gyroscope based on three-dimensional rotation induced Berry phase

Huaijin Zhang, Zhang-Qi Yin

Solid-spin defects in diamond provide long coherence times and room-temperature optical initialization and readout, making them an attractive platform for compact solid-state quantum gyroscopes. A central challenge for NV-based gyroscopes is that the rotation-induced signal is weak, while near-resonant operation, although enhancing the response, can induce nonadiabatic transitions that degrade the accumulated geometric phase and readout fidelity. Here we investigate a levitated diamond under three-dimensional rotation, in which intrinsic ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spins associated with NV centers act as sensing qubits. We show that the rotation is encoded in a geometric (Berry) phase and identify a near-resonant regime with strongly enhanced phase response. To suppress the resulting nonadiabatic leakage, we introduce a counter-diabatic protocol derived from the Kato gauge potential. This enables robust geometric-phase accumulation and improves the sensitivity by four orders of magnitude relative to the conventional detuned protocol. We further evaluate the achievable sensitivity and the dominant experimental limitations, including decoherence and protocol overhead, thereby establishing a realistic route toward high-performance NV-based solid-state quantum gyroscopes.

quant-pharXiv:2603.19906•Mar 23, 2026•0 citations

Gyroscopes based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

M. P. Ledbetter, Kasper Jensen, Ran Fischer +2 more

We propose solid-state gyroscopes based on ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) centers in diamond. In one scheme, rotation of the NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ symmetry axis will induce Berry phase shifts in the ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ electronic ground-state coherences proportional to the solid angle subtended by the symmetry axis. We estimate a sensitivity in the range of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ in a 1-mm${}^{3}$ sensor volume using a simple Ramsey sequence. Incorporating dynamical decoupling to suppress dipolar relaxation may yield a sensitivity at the level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. With a modified Ramsey scheme, Berry phase shifts in the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ hyperfine sublevels would be employed. The projected sensitivity is in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, however, the lower gyromagnetic ratio of ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclei reduces the sensitivity to magnetic-field noise by several orders of magnitude. Reaching ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ would represent an order of magnitude improvement over other compact, solid-state gyroscope technologies.

arXiv:1205.0093•Physical Review A•Nov 19, 2012•142 citations
Solid-state platforms based on electronuclear spin systems are attractive candidates for rotation sensing due to their excellent sensitivity, stability, and compact size, compatible with industrial applications. Conventional spin-based gyroscopes measure the accumulated phase of a nuclear spin superposition state to extract the rotation rate and thus suffer from spin dephasing. Here, we propose a gyroscope protocol based on a two-spin system that includes a spin intrinsically tied to the host material, while the other spin is isolated. The rotation rate is then extracted by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two spins starting from their population states, robust against spin dephasing. In particular, the relative rotation rate between the two spins can be enhanced by their hyperfine coupling by more than an order of magnitude, further boosting the achievable sensitivity. The ultimate sensitivity of the gyroscope is limited by the lifetime of the spin system and compatible with a broad dynamic range, even in the presence of magnetic noise or control errors due to initialization and qubit manipulations. Our result enables precise measurement of slow rotations and exploration of fundamental physics.
Gyroscopes find wide applications in everyday life from navigation and inertial sensing to rotation sensors in hand-held devices and automobiles. Current devices, based on either atomic or solid-state systems, typically impose a choice between long-time stability and high sensitivity in a miniaturized system. Thanks to their optical properties, nuclear spins associated with NV centers in diamond have been proposed to overcome this challenge. While optical polarization improves these devices' sensitivities, further improvement is needed. Here, we propose a gyroscope protocol based on a two-spin system that includes a spin intrinsically tied to the host material, while the other spin is effectively in an inertial frame. The rotation rate is then extracted by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two spins starting from their population states, which are robust against spin dephasing. Importantly, the relative rotation rate between the two spins is enhanced by their hyperfine coupling by more than an order of magnitude, further boosting the achievable sensitivity. The ultimate sensitivity of the gyroscope is limited by the lifetime of the spin system and is compatible with a broad dynamic range, even in the presence of magnetic noises or control errors due to initialization and qubit manipulations. Our result enables precise measurement of slow rotations and exploration of fundamental physics.
Gyroscopes find wide applications in everyday life from navigation and inertial sensing to rotation sensors in hand-held devices and automobiles. Current devices, based on either atomic or solid-state systems, impose a choice between long-time stability and high sensitivity in a miniaturized system. Here, we introduce a quantum sensor that overcomes these limitations by providing a sensitive and stable three-axis gyroscope in the solid state. We achieve high sensitivity by exploiting the long coherence time of the 14{}^{14}14N nuclear spin associated with the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, combined with the efficient polarization and measurement of its electronic spin. Although the gyroscope is based on a simple Ramsey interferometry scheme, we use coherent control of the quantum sensor to improve its coherence time and robustness against long-time drifts. Such a sensor can achieve a sensitivity of $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(\mathrm{mdeg}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}}$ while offering enhanced stability in a small footprint. In addition, we exploit the four axes of delocalization of the nitrogen-vacancy center to measure not only the rate of rotation, but also its direction, thus obtaining a compact three-axis gyroscope.
We propose to implement a solid-state rotation sensor by employing a many-body quantum spin system which takes the advantages of the easy controllability of the electron spin and the robustness provided by the collective nuclear spin state. The sensor consists of a central electron spin coupled to many surrounding nuclear spins. Previously, this central spin system has been suggested to realize a quantum memory. Here, we further utilize the collective nuclear spins, which store a certain quantum state, to detect the macroscopic rotation. Different from other nuclear spin-based gyroscopes, our proposal does not directly manipulate nuclear spins via nuclear magnetic resonance technique. We analytically and numerically investigate the effects of partial nuclear polarization and decoherence on the sensitivity. We also briefly introduce the procedure to generate entanglement between nuclear spins through the quantum memory technique and to utilize this entanglement to enhance the sensing performance. Our proposal paves the way to the experimental realization of a compact solid-state, full-electrical, and spin-based gyroscope.
Solid-state quantum sensors based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for precise sensing applications. Nuclear spin sensors are particularly well suited for applications requiring long coherence times, such as inertial sensing, but remain underexplored due to control complexity and limited optical readout efficiency. In this work, we propose cooperative cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) coupling to achieve efficient nuclear spin readout. Unlike previous cQED methods used to enhance electron spin readout, here we employ two-field interference in the NV hyperfine subspace to directly probe the nuclear spin transitions. We model the nuclear spin NV-cQED system (nNV-cQED) and observe several distinct regimes, including electromagnetically induced transparency, masing without inversion, and oscillatory behavior. We then evaluate the nNV-cQED system as an inertial sensor, indicating a rotation sensitivity improved by 3 orders of magnitude compared to previous solid-state spin demonstrations. Furthermore, we show that the NV electron spin can be simultaneously used as a comagnetometer, and the four crystallographic axes of NVs can be employed for vector resolution in a single nNV-cQED system. These results showcase the applications of two-field interference using the nNV-cQED platform, providing critical insights into the manipulation and control of quantum states in hybrid NV systems and unlocking new possibilities for high-performance quantum sensing.
Solid-spin defects in diamond provide long coherence times and room-temperature optical initialization and readout, making them an attractive platform for compact solid-state quantum gyroscopes. A central challenge for NV-based gyroscopes is that the rotation-induced signal is weak, while near-resonant operation, although enhancing the response, can induce nonadiabatic transitions that degrade the accumulated geometric phase and readout fidelity. Here we investigate a levitated diamond under three-dimensional rotation, in which intrinsic 14N{}^{14}\mathrm{N}14N nuclear spins associated with NV centers act as sensing qubits. We show that the rotation is encoded in a geometric (Berry) phase and identify a near-resonant regime with strongly enhanced phase response. To suppress the resulting nonadiabatic leakage, we introduce a counter-diabatic protocol derived from the Kato gauge potential. This enables robust geometric-phase accumulation and improves the sensitivity by four orders of magnitude relative to the conventional detuned protocol. We further evaluate the achievable sensitivity and the dominant experimental limitations, including decoherence and protocol overhead, thereby establishing a realistic route toward high-performance NV-based solid-state quantum gyroscopes.
We propose solid-state gyroscopes based on ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) centers in diamond. In one scheme, rotation of the NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ symmetry axis will induce Berry phase shifts in the ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ electronic ground-state coherences proportional to the solid angle subtended by the symmetry axis. We estimate a sensitivity in the range of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ in a 1-mm3{}^{3}3 sensor volume using a simple Ramsey sequence. Incorporating dynamical decoupling to suppress dipolar relaxation may yield a sensitivity at the level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. With a modified Ramsey scheme, Berry phase shifts in the 14N{}^{14}\mathrm{N}14N hyperfine sublevels would be employed. The projected sensitivity is in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$, however, the lower gyromagnetic ratio of 14N{}^{14}\mathrm{N}14N nuclei reduces the sensitivity to magnetic-field noise by several orders of magnitude. Reaching ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ $\mathrm{rad}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ would represent an order of magnitude improvement over other compact, solid-state gyroscope technologies.