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arXiv:2312.12372 · Physical Review Letters

Frequency-Resolved Purcell Effect for the Dissipative Generation of Steady-State Entanglement

Alejandro Vivas-Viaña, Diego Martín-Cano, Carlos Sánchez Muñoz

Published Oct 22, 2024• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report a driven-dissipative mechanism to generate stationary entangled W states among strongly interacting quantum emitters placed within a cavity. Driving the ensemble into the highest energy state-whether coherently or incoherently-enables a subsequent cavity-enhanced decay into an entangled steady state consisting of a single deexcitation shared coherently among all emitters, i.e., a W state, well known for its robustness against qubit loss. The nonharmonic energy structure of the interacting ensemble allows this transition to be resonantly selected by the cavity, while quenching subsequent off-resonant decays. Evidence of this purely dissipative mechanism should be observable in state-of-the-art cavity QED systems in the solid state, enabling new prospects for the scalable stabilization of quantum states in dissipative quantum platforms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.133.173601

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We report a driven-dissipative mechanism to generate stationary entangled W states among strongly interacting quantum emitters placed within a cavity. Driving the ensemble into the highest energy state-whether coherently or incoherently-enables a subsequent cavity-enhanced decay into an entangled steady state consisting of a single deexcitation shared coherently among all emitters, i.e., a W state, well known for its robustness against qubit loss. The nonharmonic energy structure of the interacting ensemble allows this transition to be resonantly selected by the cavity, while quenching subsequent off-resonant decays. Evidence of this purely dissipative mechanism should be observable in state-of-the-art cavity QED systems in the solid state, enabling new prospects for the scalable stabilization of quantum states in dissipative quantum platforms.
Two nonidentical quantum emitters, when placed within a cavity and coherently excited at the two-photon resonance, can reach stationary states of nearly maximal entanglement. In Vivas-Viaña, Martín-Cano, and Sánchez Muñoz [], we introduce a frequency-resolved Purcell effect stabilizing entangled W states among strongly interacting quantum emitters embedded in a cavity. Here we delve deeper into a specific configuration with a particularly rich phenomenology: two interacting quantum emitters under coherent excitation at the two-photon resonance. This scenario yields two resonant cavity frequencies where the combination of two-photon driving and Purcell-enhanced decay stabilizes the system into the subradiant and superradiant states, respectively. By considering the case of nondegenerate emitters and exploring the parameter space of the system, we show that this mechanism is merely one among a complex family of phenomena that can generate both stationary and metastable entanglement when driving the emitters at the two-photon resonance. We provide a global perspective of this landscape of mechanisms and contribute analytical characterizations and insights into these phenomena, establishing connections with previous reports in the literature and discussing how some of these effects can be optically detected. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We study quantum dynamics of many-qubit systems strongly coupled to a quantized electromagnetic cavity field in the presence of decoherence and dissipation for both quantum emitters and cavity photons, taking into account the varying coupling strength of different qubits to the cavity field and the spread of their transition frequencies. Compact analytic solutions for time-dependent quantum state amplitudes and observables are derived for a broad class of open quantum systems in Lindblad approximation with the use of the stochastic Schr\"odinger equation approach. We show that depending on the initial quantum state preparation, an ensemble of qubits can evolve into a rich variety of many-qubit entangled states with destructive or constructive interference between the qubits. In particular, when only a small fraction of qubits are initially excited, the dissipation in a cavity will inevitably drive the system into robust dark states that are completely decoupled from the cavity and live much longer than the decay time of the cavity field. We also determine the conditions under which coherent coupling to the quantized cavity field overcomes the dephasing caused by a spread of transition frequencies in multiqubit systems and leads to the formation of a decoupled dark state.
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We propose a scheme that is able to generate on demand a steady-state entanglement between two nondegenerate cavity modes. The scheme relies on the interaction of the cavity modes with driven two- or three-level atoms, which act as a coupler to build entanglement between the modes. We show that, in the limit of a strong driving, it is crucial for the generation of entanglement between the modes to imbalance populations of the dressed states of the driven atomic transition. In the case of a three-level VVV-type atom, we find that a stationary entanglement can be created on demand by tuning the Rabi frequency of the driving field to the difference between the atomic transition frequencies. The resulting degeneracy of the energy levels, together with the spontaneously generated coherence, generate a steady-state entanglement between the cavity modes. It is shown that the condition for the maximal entanglement coincides with the collapse of the atomic system into a pure trapping state. We also show that the creation of entanglement depends strongly on the mutual polarization of the transition atomic dipole moments.
Generation of quantum entanglement between a pair of qubits is studied in a cavity-QED platform. The qubit pair is placed inside a common cavity environment. We show that the relative strength of qubit-photon couplings is crucial for establishing interqubit entanglement. Resonance as well as off resonance between the qubits and photon are considered. For the off-resonant case we detect a threshold value of the coupling ratio, beyond which the maximally entangled state is always available. The resonant case displays interesting nonmonotonic behavior, where the maximum entanglement peaks at an intermediate coupling ratio. The driven-dissipative dynamics of our model exhibits nontrivial dependence of steady-state entanglement on the drive strength.
Abstract We present a scheme for the dissipative preparation of an entangled steady state between two atomic qubits separately trapped in the coupled cavities. The combination of coherent driving fields and dissipative processes will drive the system into a steady state. By choosing different frequency of classical laser field, the target steady state can be generated in different ways. In our scheme, the atomic spontaneous emission and the cavity decay can be used as a prerequisite. The numerical simulation shows that the maximally entangled state with high fidelity and purity can be produced regardless of the initial state. The fidelity is insensitive to the fluctuation of the system parameters.