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arXiv:2312.10327

Spectroscopy of the $5s5p$ $ ^3 P_0 \rightarrow 5s5d$ $ ^3 D_1 $ transition of strontium using laser cooled atoms

Kushal Patel, Palki Gakkhar, Korak Biswas, S. Sagar Maurya, Pranab Dutta, Vishal Lal, Brajesh Kumar Mani, Umakant D. Rapol

Published Dec 16, 2023• 0 citations
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Abstract

This article presents spectroscopy results of the $5s5p{\;^3}P_0 \rightarrow 5s5d{\;^3}D_1$ transition in all isotopes of laser cooled Sr atoms and the utility of this transition for repumping application. By employing the $5s5p{\;^{3} P_{0}} \rightarrow 5s5d{\;^3}D_1 $ (483 nm) transition in combination with the excitation of $5s5p{\;^3}P_2 \rightarrow 5s6s{\;^3}S_1$ (707 nm) transition, we observe a significant increase ($\sim$ 13 fold) in the steady state number of atoms in the magneto-optic trap (MOT). This enhancement is attributed to the efficient repumping of Sr atoms that have decayed into the dark $5s5p{\;^3}P_2$ state by returning them to the ground state $5s^2{\;^1}S_0$ without any loss into the other states. The absolute transition frequencies were measured with an absolute accuracy of 30 MHz. To support our measurements, we performed Fock-space relativistic coupled-cluster calculations of the relevant parameters in Sr. To further increase the accuracy of the calculated properties, corrections from the Breit, QED and perturbative triples were also included. The calculated branching ratio for the repumping state confirms the significantly increased population in the ${^3}P_1$ state. Thereby, leading to an increase of population of atoms trapped due to the enhanced repumping. Our calculated hyperfine-splitting energies are in excellent agreement with the measured values. Moreover, our calculated isotope shifts in the transition frequencies are in good agreement with our measured values.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2312.10327

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Abstract This article presents spectroscopy results of the 5 s 5 p 3 P 0 → 5 s 5 d 3 D 1 transition in all isotopes of laser cooled Sr atoms and the utility of this transition for repumping application. By employing the 5 s 5 p 3 P 0 → 5 s 5 d 3 D 1 (483 nm) transition in combination with the excitation of 5 s 5 p 3 P 2 → 5 s 6 s 3 S 1 (707 nm) transition, we observe a significant increase (∼13 fold) in the steady state number of atoms in the magneto-optic trap. This enhancement is attributed to the efficient repumping of Sr atoms that have decayed into the dark 5 s 5 p 3 P 2 state by returning them to the ground state 5 s 2 1 S 0 without any loss into the other states. The absolute transition frequencies were measured with an absolute accuracy of 30 MHz. To support our measurements, we performed Fock-space relativistic coupled-cluster calculations of the relevant parameters in Sr To further increase the accuracy of the calculated properties, corrections from the Breit, quantum electrodynamical and perturbative triples were also included. The calculated branching ratio for the repumping state confirms the significantly increased population in the 3 P 1 state. Thereby, leading to an increase of population of atoms trapped due to the enhanced repumping. Our calculated hyperfine-splitting energies are in excellent agreement with the measured values. Moreover, our calculated isotope shifts in the transition frequencies are in good agreement with our measured values.
We describe repumping and spectroscopy of laser-cooled strontium (Sr) atoms using the (5s5p) 3 P 2 –(5s4d) 3 D 2 transition. Atom number in a magneto-optical trap is enhanced by driving this transition because Sr atoms that have decayed into the (5s5p) 3 P 2 dark state are repumped back into the (5s 2 ) 1 S 0 ground state. Spectroscopy of 84 Sr, 86 Sr, 87 Sr and 88 Sr improves the value of the (5s5p) 3 P 2 –(5s4d) 3 D 2 transition frequency and determines the isotope shifts for the transition accurately enough to guide laser-cooling experiments with less abundant isotopes.
We perform spectroscopy on the optical dipole transitions 5s5p3P2−−5snd3D1,2,35s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}{P}_{2}--5snd\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}{D}_{1,2,3}5s5p3P2​−−5snd3D1,2,3​, $n\ensuremath{\in}(5,6)$, for all stable isotopes of atomic strontium. We develop a spectroscopy scheme in which atoms in the metastable 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ state are stored in a reservoir before being probed. The method presented here increases the attained precision and accuracy by two orders of magnitude compared to similar experiments performed in a magneto-optical trap or discharge. We show how the state distribution and velocity spread of atoms in the reservoir can be tailored to increase the spectroscopy performance. The absolute transition frequencies are measured with an accuracy of 5 MHz. The isotope shifts are given to within 200 kHz. We calculate the AAA and QQQ parameters for the hyperfine structure of the fermionic isotope at the MHz level. Furthermore, we investigate the branching ratios of the 3DJ{}^{3}{D}_{J}3DJ​ states into the 3PJ{}^{3}{P}_{J}3PJ​ states and discuss immediate implications on schemes of optical pumping and fluorescence detection.
Optical pumping of 5s4d1D2{\mathrm{5s4d} ^1\mathrm{D}_2}5s4d1D2​ strontium atoms for laser cooling and imaging
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We report the first absolute frequency measurements for the 5 s 5 p 3 P 0 → 5 s 6 d 3 D 1 transition at 394 nm for all the stable strontium isotopes by utilizing repumping induced spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap. Absolute transition frequency is measured to be 760524409251(25) kHz for Sr 88 . With reference to Sr 88 , the isotope shifts are measured to be 91052(35), 54600(33), and 51641(28) kHz for Sr 84 , Sr 86 , and Sr 87 , respectively. We calculate the hyperfine constants A and B for the fermionic isotope Sr 87 at kHz level. Furthermore, we perform King plot analysis by combining isotope shifts on the 689-nm transition to our data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We present a faster repumping scheme for strontium magneto-optical traps operating on the broad 5 s 2 1 S 0 − 5 s 5 p 1 P 1 laser cooling transition. Contrary to existing repumping schemes, we directly address lost atoms that spontaneously decayed to the 5 s 4 d 1 D 2 state, sending them back into the laser cooling cycle by optical pumping on the 5 s 4 d 1 D 2 − 5 s 8 p 1 P 1 transition. We thus avoid the ∼ 100 µ s -slow decay path from 5 s 4 d 1 D 2 to the 5 s 5 p 3 P 1 , 2 states that is part of other repumping schemes. Using one low-cost external-cavity diode laser emitting at 448 nm , we show our scheme increases the flux out of a 2D magneto-optical trap by 60 % compared to without repumping. Furthermore, we perform spectroscopy on the 5 s 4 d 1 D 2 − 5 s 8 p 1 P 1 transition and measure its frequency ν Sr 88 = ( 668917515.3 ± 4.0 ± 25 ) MHz . We also measure the frequency shifts between the four stable isotopes of strontium and infer the specific mass and field shift factors, δ ν SMS 88 , 86 =<