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arXiv:2312.07570

Quantum Private Information Retrieval from Coded Storage Systems

Matteo Allaix

Published Dec 10, 2023• 0 citations
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Abstract

In the era of extensive data growth, robust and efficient mechanisms are needed to store and manage vast amounts of digital information, such as Data Storage Systems (DSSs). Concurrently, privacy concerns have arisen, leading to the development of techniques like Private Information Retrieval (PIR) to enable data access while preserving privacy. A PIR protocol allows users to retrieve information from a database without revealing the specifics of their query or the data they are accessing. With the advent of quantum computing, researchers have explored the potential of using quantum systems to enhance privacy in information retrieval. In a Quantum Private Information Retrieval (QPIR) protocol, a user can retrieve information from a database by downloading quantum systems from multiple servers, while ensuring that the servers remain oblivious to the specific information being accessed. This scenario offers a unique advantage by leveraging the inherent properties of quantum systems to provide enhanced privacy guarantees and improved communication rates compared to classical PIR protocols. In this thesis we consider the QPIR setting where the queries and the coded storage systems are classical, while the responses from the servers are quantum. This problem was treated by Song et al. for replicated storage and different collusion patterns. This thesis aims to develop QPIR protocols for coded storage by combining known classical PIR protocols with quantum communication algorithms, achieving enhanced privacy and communication costs. We consider different storage codes and robustness assumptions, and we prove that the achieved communication cost is always lower than the classical counterparts.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2312.07570

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In the era of extensive data growth, robust and efficient mechanisms are needed to store and manage vast amounts of digital information, such as Data Storage Systems (DSSs). Concurrently, privacy concerns have arisen, leading to the development of techniques like Private Information Retrieval (PIR) to enable data access while preserving privacy. A PIR protocol allows users to retrieve information from a database without revealing the specifics of their query or the data they are accessing. With the advent of quantum computing, researchers have explored the potential of using quantum systems to enhance privacy in information retrieval. In a Quantum Private Information Retrieval (QPIR) protocol, a user can retrieve information from a database by downloading quantum systems from multiple servers, while ensuring that the servers remain oblivious to the specific information being accessed. This scenario offers a unique advantage by leveraging the inherent properties of quantum systems to provide enhanced privacy guarantees and improved communication rates compared to classical PIR protocols. In this thesis we consider the QPIR setting where the queries and the coded storage systems are classical, while the responses from the servers are quantum. This problem was treated by Song et al. for replicated storage and different collusion patterns. This thesis aims to develop QPIR protocols for coded storage by combining known classical PIR protocols with quantum communication algorithms, achieving enhanced privacy and communication costs. We consider different storage codes and robustness assumptions, and we prove that the achieved communication cost is always lower than the classical counterparts.
In the classical private information retrieval (PIR) setup, a user wants to retrieve a file from a database or a distributed storage system (DSS) without revealing the file identity to the servers holding the data. In the quantum PIR (QPIR) setting, a user privately retrieves a classical file by downloading quantum systems from the servers. The QPIR problem has been treated by Song et al. in the case of replicated servers, both without collusion and with all but one servers colluding. In this paper, the QPIR setting is extended to account for maximum distance separable (MDS) coded servers. The proposed protocol works for any [n, k]-MDS code and t-collusion with t = n - k. Similarly to the previous cases, the rates achieved are better than those known or conjectured in the classical counterparts.
In the classical private information retrieval (PIR) setup, a user wants to retrieve a file from a database or a distributed storage system (DSS) without revealing the file identity to the servers holding the data. In the quantum PIR (QPIR) setting, a user privately retrieves a classical file by receiving quantum information from the servers. The QPIR problem has been treated by Song et al. in the case of replicated servers, both without collusion and with all but one servers colluding. In this paper, the QPIR setting is extended to account for maximum distance separable (MDS) coded servers. The proposed protocol works for any [n,k]-MDS code and t-collusion with t = n-k. Similarly to the previous cases, the rates achieved are better than those known or conjectured in the classical counterparts. Further, it is demonstrated how the protocol can adapted to achieve significantly higher retrieval rates from DSSs encoded with a locally repairable code (LRC) with disjoint repair groups, each of which is an MDS code.
In the classical private information retrieval (PIR) setup, a user wants to retrieve a file from a database or a distributed storage system (DSS) without revealing the file identity to the servers holding the data. In the quantum PIR (QPIR) setting, a user privately retrieves a classical file by receiving quantum information from the servers. The QPIR problem has been treated by Song et al. in the case of replicated servers, both with and without collusion. QPIR over [n, k] maximum distance separable (MDS) coded servers was recently considered by Allaix et al., but the collusion was essentially restricted to t = n -kkkservers in the sense that a smallertttwould not improve the retrieval rate. In this paper, the QPIR setting is extended to allow for retrieval with high rate for any number of colluding serverstttwith 1 ≤ttt≤nnn- k. Similarly to the previous cases, the rates achieved are better than those known or conjectured in the classical counterparts, as well as those of the previously proposed coded and colluding QPIR schemes. This is enabled by considering the stabilizer formalism and weakly self-dual generalized Reed-Solomon (GRS) star product codes.
When a user retrieves information from databases, it is often required to protect the privacy of the user.Quantum private information retrieval (QPIR) is a protocol in which a user retrieves one of 𝑓𝑓 messages from non-communicating 𝑛𝑛 servers by downloading quantum systems without revealing the identity of the retrieved message to any individual server.Symmetric QPIR is a QPIR with server secrecy in which the user obtains no information of non-targeted messages.This thesis investigates the fundamental communication limit of the symmetric and nonsymmetric QPIR and constructs the optimal QPIR protocols achieving the communication limit.The communication cost of a QPIR protocol is evaluated by the QPIR rate defined as
Quantum Private Information Retrieval (QPIR) is a new and growing area that uses quantum computing to improve privacy and efficiency in database searches. Traditional Private Information Retrieval (PIR) methods often require a large amount of communication between the user and the server, making them slow and costly. QPIR aims to solve this problem by using quantum techniques like superposition and entanglement to reduce communication while keeping the user’s query private. In this paper, we review different QPIR methods and analyze how they handle communication complexity. We compare multi-server and single-server models, discussing their strengths and weaknesses. We also explore the practical challenges of QPIR, such as the need for quantum resources, errors in quantum systems, and security against quantum attackers. Additionally, we highlight important research gaps, including how to make single-server QPIR more efficient, balancing security with speed, and understanding how future quantum computers might impact QPIR security. By addressing these challenges, this survey aims to support further research and help develop practical, efficient, and secure QPIR systems for real-world use.
Quantum private information retrieval (QPIR) for quantum messages is the protocol in which a user retrieves one of the multiple quantum states from one or multiple servers without revealing which state is retrieved. We consider QPIR in two different settings: the blind setting, in which the servers contain one copy of the message states, and the visible setting, in which the servers contain the description of the message states. One trivial solution in both settings is downloading all states from the servers and the main goal of this paper is to find more efficient QPIR protocols. First, we prove that the trivial solution is optimal for one-server QPIR in the blind setting. In one-round protocols, the same optimality holds even in the visible setting. On the other hand, when the user and the server share entanglement, we prove that there exists an efficient one-server QPIR protocol in the blind setting. Furthermore, in the visible setting, we prove that it is possible to construct symmetric QPIR protocols in which the user obtains no information of the non-targeted messages. We construct two-server symmetric QPIR protocols for pure states. Note that symmetric classical PIR is impossible without shared randomness unknown to the user.