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arXiv:2311.07825 · Physical Review A

Cauchy-Riemann beams

H. M. Moya-Cessa, I. Ramos-Prieto, David Sánchez-de-la-Llave, Ulises Ruíz, Victor M. Arrizon, Francisco Soto

Published Apr 24, 2024• 10 citations

Abstract

Leveraging operator techniques, we address the paraxial wave equation governing a field formed by the multiplication of a Gaussian function and an entire function; notably, the latter adheres to the Laplace equation, ${\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{2}f(x+iy)=0$, a direct consequence of satisfying the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Our theoretical and experimental exploration brings to light the intrinsic rotation of this field during propagation, elucidated by the incorporation of the quantum (Bohm) potential. This straightforward result holds promise, enabling the analytical deduction of the Fraunhofer or Fresnel diffraction pattern. Essentially, it simplifies the extraction of the Fresnel or Fourier transform from a function satisfying the Cauchy-Riemann equations.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.109.043528

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Leveraging operator techniques, we address the paraxial wave equation governing a field formed by the multiplication of a Gaussian function and an entire function; notably, the latter adheres to the Laplace equation,

{\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{2}f(x+iy)=0

, a direct consequence of satisfying the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Our theoretical and experimental exploration brings to light the intrinsic rotation of this field during propagation, elucidated by the incorporation of the quantum (Bohm) potential. This straightforward result holds promise, enabling the analytical deduction of the Fraunhofer or Fresnel diffraction pattern. Essentially, it simplifies the extraction of the Fresnel or Fourier transform from a function satisfying the Cauchy-Riemann equations.

Abstract The similarity between the Schrödinger equation and the paraxial wave equation permits numerous analogies linking these fields, which is pivotal in advancing both quantum mechanics and wave optics. In this study, we demonstrate the application of operator techniques to an electromagnetic field characterized by the function f(x + ay), leveraging the structural analogies between these equations. Specifically, we employ initial conditions defined by Airy and Bessel functions to illustrate the practical implementation of these techniques.

In this work, the paraxial approximation of the free Dirac equation is examined. The results are first obtained by constructing superpositions of exact solutions with suitable profiles, which are borrowed from paraxial optics. In this manner, the paraxial Dirac beams are obtained in four cases: as Gaussian, Bessel-Gaussian, modified Bessel-Gaussian and elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beams. In the second part of the work, the paraxial Dirac equation is derived, and then its solutions in the aforementioned cases are directly obtained. All the resulting wave functions conform to those derived formerly by virtue of superpositions, except for terms that are negligible upon the assumption that the paraxial functions along the propagation axis vary only slightly over a distance equal to the de Broglie wavelength, which is the standard paraxial requirement.

Laplace transform techniques for solving differential equations do not seem to have been directly applied to the Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics. This may be because the Laplace transform of a wave function, in contrast to the Fourier transform, has no direct physical significance. However, this paper will show that scattering phase shifts and bound state energies can be determined from the singularities of the Laplace transform of the wave function. The Laplace transform method can thereby simplify calculations if the potential allows a straightforward solution of the transformed Schrödinger equation. Suitable cases are the Coulomb, oscillator and exponential potentials and the Yamaguchi separable non-local potential.

This work presents a novel approach for simulating electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation by leveraging quantum computing techniques. By reformulating Maxwell's equations through the Riemann-Silberstein formalism, we cast the problem into a Schrödinger-like framework, enabling the application of Hamiltonian simulation methods. In particular, we employ the Trotter-Suzuki decomposition to approximate the time evolution operator, facilitating efficient quantum simulation of EM wave generated by a Gaussian pulse propagating within a two-dimensional metallic cavity. Our results illustrate the potential of quantum algorithms to address complex electrodynamics problems, offering promising avenues for future advancements in electromagnetics engineering.