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arXiv:2308.11966 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

The ghost algebra and the dilute ghost algebra

Madeline Nurcombe

Published Feb 13, 2024• 1 citation

Abstract

Abstract We introduce the ghost algebra, a two-boundary generalisation of the Temperley–Lieb (TL) algebra, using a diagrammatic presentation. The existing two-boundary TL algebra has a basis of string diagrams with two boundaries, and the number of strings connected to each boundary must be even; in the ghost algebra, this number may be odd. To preserve associativity while allowing boundary-to-boundary strings to have distinct parameters according to the parity of their endpoints, as seen in the one-boundary TL algebra, we decorate the boundaries with bookkeeping dots called ghosts. We also introduce the dilute ghost algebra, an analogous two-boundary generalisation of the dilute TL algebra. We then present loop models associated with these algebras, and classify solutions to their boundary Yang–Baxter equations, given existing solutions to the Yang–Baxter equations for the TL and dilute TL models. This facilitates the construction of a one-parameter family of commuting transfer tangles, making these models Yang–Baxter integrable.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/ad1be6

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Abstract We introduce the ghost algebra, a two-boundary generalisation of the Temperley–Lieb (TL) algebra, using a diagrammatic presentation. The existing two-boundary TL algebra has a basis of string diagrams with two boundaries, and the number of strings connected to each boundary must be even; in the ghost algebra, this number may be odd. To preserve associativity while allowing boundary-to-boundary strings to have distinct parameters according to the parity of their endpoints, as seen in the one-boundary TL algebra, we decorate the boundaries with bookkeeping dots called ghosts. We also introduce the dilute ghost algebra, an analogous two-boundary generalisation of the dilute TL algebra. We then present loop models associated with these algebras, and classify solutions to their boundary Yang–Baxter equations, given existing solutions to the Yang–Baxter equations for the TL and dilute TL models. This facilitates the construction of a one-parameter family of commuting transfer tangles, making these models Yang–Baxter integrable.

This work concerns studies of boundary integrability of the vertex models from representations of the Temperley–Lieb algebra associated with the quantum group 𝒰 q [ X n ] for the affine Lie algebras X n = , , and . A systematic computation method is used to construct solutions of the boundary Yang–Baxter equations. We find a 2 n 2 + 1 free parameter solution for spin-( n − 1/2) and vertex models. It turns out that for spin- n , and vertex models, the solution has 2 n 2 + 2 n + 1 free parameters.

This work concerns to the studies of boundary integrability of the vertex models from representations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra associated with the quantum group

{\cal U}_{q}[X_{n}]

for the affine Lie algebras

X_{n}

=

A_{1}^{(1)}

,

B_{n}^{(1)}

,

C_{n}^{(1)}

and

D_{n}^{(1)}

. A systematic computation method is used to constructed solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equations. We find a

2n^{2}+1

free parameter solution for $A_{1}^{(1)} $ spin-

(n-1/2)

and $ C_{n}^{(1)}$ vertex models. It turns that for $A_{1}^{(1)} $ spin-

n

, $ B_{n}^{(1)}$ and

D_{n}^{(1)}

vertex models, the solution has

2n^{2}+2n+1

free parameters.

A Temperley-Lieb (TL) loop model is a Yang-Baxter integrable lattice model with nonlocal degrees of freedom. On a strip of width N, the evolution operator is the double-row transfer tangle D(u), an element of the TL algebra TL_N(beta) with loop fugacity beta=2cos(lambda). Similarly on a cylinder, the single-row transfer tangle T(u) is an element of the enlarged periodic TL algebra. The logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p') comprise a subfamily of the TL loop models for which the crossing parameter lambda=(p'-p)pi/p' is parameterised by coprime integers 02 takes the form of functional relations for D(u) and T(u) of polynomial degree p'. These derive from fusion hierarchies of commuting transfer tangles D^{m,n}(u) and T^{m,n}(u) where D(u)=D^{1,1}(u) and T(u)=T^{1,1}(u). The fused transfer tangles are constructed from (m,n)-fused face operators involving Wenzl-Jones projectors P_k on k=m or k=n nodes. Some projectors P_k are singular for k>p'-1, but we argue that D^{m,n}(u) and T^{m,n}(u) are well defined for all m,n. For generic lambda, we derive the fusion hierarchies and the associated T- and Y-systems. For the logarithmic theories, the closure of the fusion hierarchies at n=p' translates into functional relations of polynomial degree p' for D^{m,1}(u) and T^{m,1}(u). We also derive the closure of the Y-systems for the logarithmic theories. The T- and Y-systems are the key to exact integrability and we observe that the underlying structure of these functional equations relate to Dynkin diagrams of affine Lie algebras.

The Yang-Baxter equation appear in various situations in physics and mathematics. For example it arises as a consistency condition in integrable models. The reflection equation (boundary Yang-Baxter equation) is a generalization of the Yang-Baxter equation to systems with a boundary. A further generalization to systems with defects which admits both reflection and transmission can be made, which results in reflection-transmission Yang-Baxter equations.In this thesis the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation are presented. Representations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra and the blob algebra are used to construct matrices which solve the respective equations. For the reflection-transmission Yang-Baxter equations, steps toward a solution are taken by using a similar approach as for the first two cases, namely by finding an algebra whose representations can be used to construct matrices which solve the equations.