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arXiv:2307.03836 · Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency in many-emitter waveguide quantum electrodynamics: Linear versus nonlinear waveguide dispersions

Tiberius Berndsen, Imran M. Mirza

Published Dec 4, 2023• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study single-photon-induced electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in many-emitter waveguide quantum electrodynamics (wQED) with linear, nonlinear, and quasilinear waveguide dispersion relations. In the single-emitter problem, in addition to the robustness of the EIT spectral features in the overcoupled regime of wQED, we find that the nonlinear dispersion results in the appearance of a side peak for frequencies smaller than the resonant EIT frequency, which turns into a plateau as the nonlinearity is reduced. The quasilinear case produces a similar spectrum to the purely linear scenario with a small observable difference in the far-detuned regime. Consequently, for many-emitter scenarios, our results indicate the formation of band structure for purely linear cases, which, for smaller values of nonlinearity, leads to a narrow band-gap-like structure compared to the corresponding linear and quasilinear dispersion cases. Long-distance quantum networking aided with quantum memories can serve as one of the targeted applications of this work.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.063702

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Optics Express•Jan 14, 2013•14 citations
We study single-photon-induced electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in many-emitter waveguide quantum electrodynamics (wQED) with linear, nonlinear, and quasilinear waveguide dispersion relations. In the single-emitter problem, in addition to the robustness of the EIT spectral features in the overcoupled regime of wQED, we find that the nonlinear dispersion results in the appearance of a side peak for frequencies smaller than the resonant EIT frequency, which turns into a plateau as the nonlinearity is reduced. The quasilinear case produces a similar spectrum to the purely linear scenario with a small observable difference in the far-detuned regime. Consequently, for many-emitter scenarios, our results indicate the formation of band structure for purely linear cases, which, for smaller values of nonlinearity, leads to a narrow band-gap-like structure compared to the corresponding linear and quasilinear dispersion cases. Long-distance quantum networking aided with quantum memories can serve as one of the targeted applications of this work.
The absorption of photons in a three-level atom can be controlled and manipulated by applying a coherent drive at one of the atomic transitions. The situation where the absorption is fully canceled, and the atom thus has been turned completely transparent, has been coined electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The characteristics of EIT is a narrow transparency window associated with a fluorescence quench at its center frequency, indicating that inelastic scattering at this particular point is suppressed. The emergence of EIT-like transparency windows is common in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) when multiple closely spaced quantum emitters are coupled to a waveguide. The transparency depends on the separation and energy detuning of the atoms. In this work, we study a number of different setups with two-level atoms in waveguide QED that all exhibit EIT-like transparency windows. Unlike the case of a genuine three-level atom, no drive fields are required in the systems we consider, and the coherent coupling of energy levels is mediated by the waveguide. We specifically distinguish between systems with genuine EIT-like dynamics and those that exhibit a transparency window but lack the fluorescence quench. The systems that we consider consist of both small and giant atoms, which can be experimentally realized with artificial atoms coupled to either photons or phonons. These systems can offer a simpler route to many EIT applications since the need for external driving is eliminated.
When a broadband signal propagates through a dispersive medium, some frequency components move faster than the center of the pulse. This leads to the appearance of precursors, transient signals that emerge from the medium earlier than the main part of the pulse and seem to propagate superluminally. Here, we investigate the microscopic origin of precursors in a minimal setup: an array of qubits coupled to a waveguide. The linear transmission function only converges to that of a continuous medium for large qubit numbers. Nevertheless, the dispersion produced by only two qubits is enough to produce oscillatory transients. Precursors are best observed under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency, as the center of the pulse is significantly delayed. Under these conditions, just a single qutrit is enough to generate a precursor. Our results pave the way towards dispersion engineering of light with just a few qubits and can be realized with superconducting qubits coupled to transmission lines or atoms coupled to optical waveguides.
Abstract We investigate the single-photon transport properties in a hybrid waveguide quantum electrodynamics system, in which a one-dimensional waveguide is simultaneously coupled to a cavity and a driven Λ-type three-level atom. The cavity and the atom are also coupled to each other. We show that when the waveguide is coupled to the cavity and the atom at the same point, double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed from the system. The physical mechanism of the double EIT effect has been given by setting up the eigenstate structure for the whole system. When the waveguide is coupled to the cavity and the atom at different points, we demonstrate that the single-photon transmission spectra can be effectively controlled by adjusting the relative separation between the cavity and the atom. Moreover, this non-zero relative separation can lead to the occurrence of the controllable nonreciprocal scattering effect. These results have potential applications in realization of photonic coherent control.
We examine theoretically the transparency of electromagnetic pulses through an infinite one-dimensional array of coupled optical microcavities uniformly filled with superconducting qubits-one per cavity. Two types of hybrid matter-light waves, i.e., polaritons and self-induced transparency solitons, govern the transparency of electromagnetic radiation in these media. The spectrum of linear excitations, i.e., polaritons, consists of two branches separated by a relatively wide forbidden band. In the nonlinear regime, the dispersion relation of the carrier wave is determined by soliton width that is controlled by the reciprocal qubit frequency. The separate dispersion curves lie within the polariton forbidden band. Soliton transparency requires that the carrier wave frequency exceeds a threshold value; the latter depends strongly on the pulse width. We find that for pulses with widths ranging from ultrashort to an intermediate limit, the threshold is of the order of the gap frequency value in the photon spectrum. For wider pulses, the threshold frequency gradually decreases to values that are toward the edge of the polariton lower band, provided the soliton width is larger than a critical value. In the overcritical regime, the bandgap appears in the spectrum of the soliton carrier wave, while a twin transparency window appears in the soliton pulse dispersion law. A possible experimental observation of the predicted effects within the proposed setup would be of interest in understanding the properties of self-induced transparency in general and applications in the design of quantum technological devices.
The phenomenon called Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) may induce different types of correlation between two optical fields interacting with an ensemble of atoms. It is presently well known, for example, that in the vicinity of an EIT resonance the dominant correlations at low powers turn into anti-correlations as power increases. Such correlation spectra present striking power-broadening-independent features, with the best condition for measuring the characteristic linewidth occurring at the highest powers. In the present work we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for this set of observations. Our approach is first to reproduce these effects in a better controlled experimental setup: a cold atomic ensemble, obtained from a magneto-optical trap. The results from this conceptually simpler system were then compared to a correspondingly simpler theory, which clearly relates the observed features to the interplay between two key aspects of EIT: the transparency itself and the steep normal dispersion near two-photon resonance.